Reading, Writing and Arithmetic

BT LE FindMe profile in Bluez

2011-09-02T01:07:00.000-07:00

There is a post in Bluez mailing list "Current status on BLE development". It tells us current BT LE status in Bluez and also shows some git repositories with their development. I try to build their kernel and the latest bluez. I made some experiments and understood more about FindMe profile in Bluez.

* Unstable kernel with Interleaved Discovery, RSSI Threshold monitor,
LE scanning and remaining SM patches
[1] http://git.infradead.org/users/vcgomes/linux-2.6.git (branch
proximity-integration)

* BlueZ Userspace
[2] git://git.infradead.org/users/cktakahasi/bluez.git proximity-devel

Experiment I: prepare one LE device only(Key Fob/Reporter/GATT Server) and one dual mode LE/BR/EDR device (Monitor/GATT Client) in Ubuntu machine. Key Fob runs immediate alert service. Bluez register the monitor service and it can write Alert Level to reporter. If Alert Level is mild or high, the Key Fob would ring. Then user can find where is the Key Fob. Reference to Immediate Alert Service (UUID: 0x1802) page and Alert Level(UUID:0x2a06) page.

Reference from Bluetooth.org site:
The Immediate Alert service is instantiated as a Primary Service. There is only one instance of the Immediate Alert service on a device. There is only one instance of the Alert Level characteristic in an Immediate Alert service. This alert continues until one of following conditions occurs:
• An implementation specific timeout
• User interaction on this device
• A new alert level is written
• The physical link is disconnected

Examples:
If the written alert level is “No Alert”, no alerting is done on this device.
If the written alert level is “Mild Alert”, the device alerts.
If the written alert level is “High Alert”, the device alerts in the strongest possible way.

How to demo it:
1. set Key Fob to advertising mode
2. try LE scan from Ubuntu

erin@sundays:/project/upstream/bluez$ sudo hcitool -i hci0 lescan

LE Scan ...

C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

3. create LE connection

erin@sundays:/project/upstream/bluez$ sudo hcitool -i hci0 lecc C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06

Connection handle 32

4. use gatttool to browse the service of LE device

erin@sundays:/project/upstream/bluez$ sudo gatttool -i hci0 -b C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06 -m 48 --interactive

[   ][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> connect

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> primary

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> 

attr handle: 0x0001, end grp handle: 0x000b uuid: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x000c, end grp handle: 0x000e uuid: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x000f, end grp handle: 0x0011 uuid: 00001803-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x0012, end grp handle: 0x0014 uuid: 00001802-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x0015, end grp handle: 0x0017 uuid: 00001804-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x0018, end grp handle: 0x001e uuid: 0000ffb0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x001f, end grp handle: 0x0031 uuid: 0000ffa0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

attr handle: 0x0032, end grp handle: 0x0036 uuid: 0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> characteristics 0x0012 0x0014

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> 

handle: 0x0013, char properties: 0x08, char value handle: 0x0014, uuid: 00002a06-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> char-desc 0x0012 0x00014

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> 

handle: 0x0012, uuid: 2800

handle: 0x0013, uuid: 2803

handle: 0x0014, uuid: 2a06

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> char-read-uuid 2a06

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> 

handle: 0x0011 	 value: 00 

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> char-write-cmd 0x0011 02

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> char-read-uuid 2a06

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> 

handle: 0x0011 	 value: 02 

[CON][C0:FF:EE:C0:AA:06][LE]> disconnect

5. Key Fob would start to ring

Experiment II: prepare two BT BR/EDR devices. One is my Ubuntu laptop (daydreamer) and the other is my Ubuntu Desktop (Sundays). Daydreamer is a Key Fob (Client) and Sundays is a Monitor (Server).

1. Fake Immediate Alert profile and Link Loss profile in local data files.

erin@sundays:/project/vcgomes/linux-2.6$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:13\:EF\:F0\:C4\:46/profiles 

78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001112-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000111f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001802-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001803-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

erin@sundays:/project/vcgomes/linux-2.6$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:13\:EF\:F0\:C4\:46/primary 

78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 0011#0013#00001802-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0009#000b#00001803-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

2. use dbus-send to change Alert Service value

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/2617/hci1/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52 org.bluez.Proximity.GetProperties

method return sender=:1.62 -> dest=:1.91 reply_serial=2

   array [

      dict entry(

         string "LinkLossAlertLevel"

         variant             string "none"

      )

      dict entry(

         string "ImmediateAlertLevel"

         variant             string "none"

      )

   ]

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/2617/hci1/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52 org.bluez.Proximity.SetProperty string:ImmediateAlertLevel variant:string:high

method return sender=:1.62 -> dest=:1.92 reply_serial=2

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/2617/hci1/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52 org.bluez.Proximity.GetProperties

method return sender=:1.62 -> dest=:1.93 reply_serial=2

   array [

      dict entry(

         string "LinkLossAlertLevel"

         variant             string "none"

      )

      dict entry(

         string "ImmediateAlertLevel"

         variant             string "high"

      )

   ]

3. use gatttool to check the Alert Level value

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/2617/hci1/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52 org.bluez.Proximity.SetProperty string:LinkLossAlertLevel variant:string:mild

method return sender=:1.62 -> dest=:1.96 reply_serial=2

erin@sundays:/project/upstream/bluez$ sudo gatttool -i hci0 -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 -p 31 -m 48 --interactive

[   ][78:DD:08:A3:A7:52][BR]> connect

[CON][78:DD:08:A3:A7:52][BR]> char-read-uuid 2a06

[CON][78:DD:08:A3:A7:52][BR]> 

handle: 0x000b 	 value: 01 

handle: 0x0013 	 value: 00

OBEX Message Access Profile introduction

2011-04-19T02:24:00.000-07:00

Have you ever tried to push a SMS message from a laptop to an Android phone via Bluetooth? It's very similar to OPP (object push profile) and it is to use OBEX to exchange data too. I found some patches in Aurora about supporting MAP (message access profile) in Android two months ago. Finally, I got some time to play with it.

What is MAP? MAP defines a set of features and procedures to exchange messages between devices. It is especially tailored for the automotive Hands-Free use case where an onboard terminal device (typically a Car-Kit installed in the car) takes advantage of the messaging capability of a communication device (typically a mobile phone). This profile can however also be used for other use cases that require the exchange of messages between two devices.

I have no Car-Kit to verify this profile and I cannot find any platform to support it either. Therefore, I use python lightblue and write few lines to verify this function. I have one samsung smdkv210 platform and one ubuntu laptop. Below is the list about MAP profile from Aurora git repository. If you are using gingerbread, you could apply their patches easily. Also, it's just a simple list and we should review git log to retrieve more patches related to MAP profile.

native bluez
Bluetooth : Add MAP service records into SDP tool
https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/external/bluetooth/bluez.git;a=commit;h=7f52e048879c74a35a212ed4a0ce2f14133e2806

android frameworks
frameworks/bluetooth: Changes for enabling Bluetooth MAP profile
https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/frameworks/base.git;a=commit;h=a7d9bf26766e420be997d2858fc7b73b42868860

Bluetooth UI application
Bluetooth: Adding MAP Profile implementation
https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/packages/apps/Bluetooth.git;a=commit;h=e900ed4897561fbb317a8c1488ac84c0fb051068

Email UI application
Email: Changes to trigger Email app to update its mailbox from Bluetooth MAP Profile
https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/packages/apps/Email.git;a=commit;h=e11f384228e44cb8b718247436fc0501bb81673a

MMS UI application
Mms: Enable MMS app to push a MMS added to outbox by Bluetooth MAP profile
https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/packages/apps/Mms.git;a=commit;h=703e2c2ae82f973954c539cd8e55470e4d6c3873

Add MAS service from init.rc file and then we can see MAP record from sdptool.

#cat /root/init.rc
service map /system/bin/sdptool add --channel=16 MAS
    user bluetooth
    group bluetooth net_bt_admin
    disabled
    oneshot

# sdptool browse local
Service Name: OBEX Message Access
Service RecHandle: 0x10008
Service Class ID List:
  "" (0x1132)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 16
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
  "" (0x1134)
    Version: 0x0100

I use ipython to write my scripts to demo MAP function. I create an OBEX Client from my Ubuntu machine and use it to connect with Android device. It send a 'get' request to retrieve the first slot of SMS.


import lightblue
host="12:60:41:7F:03:11"
port=16
client = lightblue.obex.OBEXClient(host,port)
client.connect()
f=file('/home/erin/Desktop/temp','w+')
client.get({'type':"x-bt/message",'name':'1'},f)
f.seek(0)
f.read()
f.close()
client.disconnect()

GATT related dbus API

2010-12-27T23:18:00.000-08:00

After trying gatttool, I am trying how to use this new attribute dbus api in bluez. I find there is an "attrib/example.c" and it would create some service records to demo GATT. When we create a device to bluez, it would detect the device type. If it's a LE device, it would run to "attrib_client_register", then register Primary and Characteristics services. We can use d-feet to see these interfaces. Also, bluez will write some data files to "/var/lib/bluetooth/". When we restart bluez, it can create these interfaces without discovering the remote device again.

Primary Service
We can know what kind of services this remote BT device has from 'UUIDs' value. For example, "0x1801" is GENERIC_ATTRIB_SVCLASS_ID and "0x1800" is GENERIC_ACCESS_PROFILE_ID. 'Services' value is the object path of all primary services.

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52 org.bluez.Device.GetProperties


method return sender=:1.93 -> dest=:1.96 reply_serial=2
   array [
      dict entry(
         string "Address"
         variant             string "78:DD:08:A3:A7:52"
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Name"
         variant             string ""
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Alias"
         variant             string "78-DD-08-A3-A7-52"
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Paired"
         variant             boolean true
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Trusted"
         variant             boolean false
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Blocked"
         variant             boolean false
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Connected"
         variant             boolean false
      )
      dict entry(
         string "UUIDs"
         variant             array [
               string "00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "00001112-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000111f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000a002-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "0000a004-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
               string "4f0ac096-35d4-4911-9631-dea8dc74eefe"
            ]
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Services"
         variant             array [
               object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0001"
               object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0010"
               object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0100"
               object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200"
               object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0680"
            ]
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Adapter"
         variant             object path "/org/bluez/5444/hci0"
      )
   ]

Characteristics Service
We can also discover what kind of characteristics service this BT device has. It would like use gatttool to run "--characteristics" and it would register related interfaces like below:

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200 org.bluez.Characteristic.Discover
method return sender=:1.107 -> dest=:1.112 reply_serial=2

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200 org.bluez.Characteristic.GetProperties 


method return sender=:1.107 -> dest=:1.117 reply_serial=2
   array [
      dict entry(
         string "Characteristics"
         variant             array [
               object path "/org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200/characteristic0204"
               object path "/org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200/characteristic0212"
            ]
      )
   ]

Attribute Value - READ
From example.c, we know "0xA006" is TEMPERATURE_UUID. We can call below dbus method to retrieve its properties. This "Value" property is an array of bytes and it could have format, value and representation to describe the exact value meaning.

erin@sundays:~$ dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200/characteristic0204 org.bluez.Characteristic.GetProperties


method return sender=:1.107 -> dest=:1.118 reply_serial=2
   array [
      dict entry(
         string "UUID"
         variant             string "0000a006-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Name"
         variant             string ""
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Description"
         variant             string "Outside Temperature"
      )
      dict entry(
         string "Value"
         variant             array of bytes [
               8a 02
            ]
      )
   ]

Bluez Data Files
GATT related files in /var/lib/bluetooth

erin@sundays:~$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:1B\:DC\:02\:86\:C5/primary 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 0001#0006#00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0010#0012#00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0100#0111#0000a002-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0200#0214#0000a004-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0680#0685#4f0ac096-35d4-4911-9631-dea8dc74eefe 

erin@sundays:~$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:1B\:DC\:02\:86\:C5/characteristic 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0001 0006#02#0006#00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0006#02#0006#00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0010 0012#02#0012#0000a001-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0200 0204#02#0210#0000a006-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0212#02#0214#0000a009-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 

erin@sundays:~$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:1B\:DC\:02\:86\:C5/attributes 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0205 00002904-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb#0EFE07A00108A0
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0206 00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb#4F7574736964652054656D706572617475726500
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0213 00002904-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb#04000AA00BA008
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52#0214 00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb#4F7574736964652052656C61746976652048756D696400

erin@sundays:~$ cat /var/lib/bluetooth/00\:1B\:DC\:02\:86\:C5/profiles 
78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001112-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 0000111f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

Attribute Value - WRITE
How to change a characteristic value? I really don't know how to send a value like "variant array of bytes [8a 02]". Then, I use ipython to send this dbus method, then I can rewrite its value.


In [1]: import dbus
In [2]: bus_name="org.bluez"
In [3]: obj_path="/org/bluez/5612/hci0/dev_78_DD_08_A3_A7_52/service0200/characteristic0204"
In [4]: bus = dbus.SystemBus()
In [5]: proxy = bus.get_object(bus_name,obj_path)
In [6]: char = dbus.Interface(proxy, dbus_interface="org.bluez.Characteristic")
In [7]: properties = char.GetProperties()
In [8]: print properties
dbus.Dictionary({dbus.String(u'Description'): dbus.String(u'Outside Temperature', variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'UUID'): dbus.String(u'0000a006-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb', variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'Value'): dbus.Array([dbus.Byte(128), dbus.Byte(110)], signature=dbus.Signature('y'), variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'Name'): dbus.String(u'', variant_level=1)}, signature=dbus.Signature('sv'))
In [9]: result = char.SetProperty("Value", dbus.Array([dbus.Byte(77), dbus.Byte(22)]))
In [10]: properties = char.GetProperties()
In [11]: print properties
dbus.Dictionary({dbus.String(u'Description'): dbus.String(u'Outside Temperature', variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'UUID'): dbus.String(u'0000a006-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb', variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'Value'): dbus.Array([dbus.Byte(77), dbus.Byte(22)], signature=dbus.Signature('y'), variant_level=1), dbus.String(u'Name'): dbus.String(u'', variant_level=1)}, signature=dbus.Signature('sv'))

gatttool in bluez over BR/EDR

2010-12-21T23:10:00.000-08:00

Recently, I am studying Bluetooth 4.0 (Low Energy) core spec and checking the latest bluez code about LE stuff. Here is my working notes and how I use 'gatttool' to verify Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) features. We can check this feature over BR/EDR first, not use real LE device yet. My working machine is Ubuntu 10.10.

Set up Bluez part

retrieve latest bluez code, configure it with enable-attrib, and compile it

# git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git
# cd bluez
# autoreconf -vifs
# ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man \
 --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libexecdir=/lib --enable-attrib
# make && sudo make install

modify main.conf, enable LE and attribute-server


diff --git a/src/main.conf b/src/main.conf
index c03f135..121ee9b 100644
--- a/src/main.conf
+++ b/src/main.conf
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ DebugKeys = false

# Enable Low Energy support if the dongle supports. Default is false.
# Enable/Disable interleave discovery and attribute server over LE.
-EnableLE = false
+EnableLE = true

# Enable the GATT Attribute Server. Default is false, because it is only
# useful for testing. Attribute server is not enabled over LE if EnableLE
# is false.
-AttributeServer = false
+AttributeServer = true

start bluetooth daemon in foreground with debug information


# sudo /usr/sbin/bluetoothd -n -d

Play with gatttool

Since we configured Bluez with enable-attrib, we will start an attribute-server from running bluetooth daemon. It would add some attribute records for GATT service, and it's created from attrib/example.c file. Also, we will add a GAP service like below.


erin@sundays:~/project/bluez$ sdptool browse local
Browsing FF:FF:FF:00:00:00 ...
Service Name: Generic Attribute Profile
Service Provider: BlueZ
Service RecHandle: 0x10000
Service Class ID List:
  "Generic Attribute" (0x1801)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
    PSM: 31
  "ATT" (0x1801)
    uint16: 0x1
    uint16: 0xffff
Profile Descriptor List:
  "Generic Attribute" (0x1801)
    Version: 0x0100

Below GATT features are from BT 4.0 core spec Volume 3 Part G.

Primary Service Discovery
This procedure is used by a client to discover primary services on a server. Once the primary services are discovered, additional information about the primary services can be accessed using other procedures, including characteristic discovery and relationship discovery to find other related primary and secondary services.

a. Discover all primary services ==> "Read By Group Type Request"
b. Discover primary service by service UUID ==> "Find By Type Value Request"


gatt_discover_primary(attrib, opt_start, opt_end, opt_uuid, primary_by_uuid_cb, attrib);

erin@sundays:~$ sudo gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --primary --psm=31 --mtu=48
attr handle = 0x0001, end grp handle = 0x0006, attr value (UUID) = 1800
attr handle = 0x0010, end grp handle = 0x0012, attr value (UUID) = 1801
attr handle = 0x0100, end grp handle = 0x0111, attr value (UUID) = a002
attr handle = 0x0200, end grp handle = 0x0214, attr value (UUID) = a004
attr handle = 0x0680, end grp handle = 0x0685, attr value (UUID) = 4f0ac096-35d4-4911-9631-dea8dc74eefe

erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --primary --uuid=1801
Starting handle: 0010 Ending handle: 0012

erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --primary --uuid=1800
Starting handle: 0001 Ending handle: 0006

Characteristic Discovery
This procedure is used by a client to discover service characteristics on a server. Once the characteristics are discovered additional information about the characteristics can be discovered or accessed using other procedures.

a. Discover all characteristics of a Service ==> "Read By Type Request"
b. Discover characteristics by UUID ==> "Read By Type Request"


gatt_discover_char(attrib, opt_start, opt_end, char_discovered_cb, char_data);
gatt_read_char_by_uuid(attrib, start, end, &uuid, func, user_data);

erin@sundays:~$ sudo gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --characteristics --psm=31 --mtu=48
handle = 0x0004, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0006, uuid = 2a00
handle = 0x0011, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0012, uuid = a001
handle = 0x0106, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0110, uuid = a003
handle = 0x0203, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0204, uuid = a006
handle = 0x0210, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0212, uuid = a009
handle = 0x0501, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0502, uuid = a00c
handle = 0x0503, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0504, uuid = a00d
handle = 0x0506, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0507, uuid = a00c
handle = 0x0508, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0509, uuid = a00d
handle = 0x0560, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0568, uuid = a00f
handle = 0x0682, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0683, uuid = 8088f218-902c-450b-b6c4-62891e8c25e9

erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --characteristics --start=0x0001 --end=0x0100
handle = 0x0004, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0006, uuid = 2a00
handle = 0x0011, char properties = 0x02, char value handle = 0x0012, uuid = a001

Characteristic Descriptor Discovery
This procedure is used by a client to discover characteristic descriptors of a characteristic. Once the characteristic descriptors are discovered additional information about the characteristic descriptors can be accessed using other procedures.

a. Discover All Characteristic Descriptors ==> "Find Information Request"


gatt_find_info(attrib, opt_start, opt_end, char_desc_cb, NULL);
erin@sundays:~$ sudo gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-desc --psm=31
handle = 0x0001, uuid = 2800
handle = 0x0004, uuid = 2803
handle = 0x0006, uuid = 2a00
handle = 0x0010, uuid = 2800
handle = 0x0011, uuid = 2803

erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-desc --start=0x0001 --end=0x0010
handle = 0x0001, uuid = 2800
handle = 0x0004, uuid = 2803
handle = 0x0006, uuid = 2a00
handle = 0x0010, uuid = 2800
erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-desc --start=0x0001 --end=0x0005
handle = 0x0001, uuid = 2800
handle = 0x0004, uuid = 2803

Characteristic Value Read
This procedure is used to read a Characteristic Value from a server.

a. Read characteristic value
b. Read using characteristic UUID
c. Read long characteristic values (not implement)
d. Read multiple characteristic values (not implement)


gatt_read_char(attrib, opt_handle, char_read_cb, attrib);
==> g_attrib_send(attrib, ATT_OP_READ_REQ, pdu, plen, func, user_data, NULL);

gatt_read_char_by_uuid(attrib, opt_start, opt_end, opt_uuid, char_read_by_uuid_cb, char_data);
==> g_attrib_send(attrib, ATT_OP_READ_BY_TYPE_REQ, pdu, plen, func, user_data, NULL);

erin@sundays:~$ sudo gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52  --char-read --uuid=2800
handle: 0x0001   value: 00 18
handle: 0x0010   value: 01 18
handle: 0x0100   value: 02 a0
handle: 0x0200   value: 04 a0
handle: 0x0680   value: 4f 0a c0 96 35 d4 49 11 96 31 de a8 dc 74 ee fe

erin@sundays:~$ sudo gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52  --char-read --handle=0x0001
Characteristic value/descriptor: 00 18

erin@autumn:~/project/bluez$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-read --uuid=a00d
handle: 0x0504   value: 32 33 37 34 39 35 2d 33 32 38 32 2d 41
handle: 0x0509   value: 31 31 32 36 37 2d 32 33 32 37 41 30 30 32 33 39

Characteristic value write
This procedure is used to write a Characteristic Value to a server.

a. Write without response
b. Signed write without response (not check yet)
c. Write characteristic value
d. Write long charcharacteristic values (not check yet)
e. Reliable writes (not check yet)


erin@sundays:~$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-write --psm=31 --mtu=48 --handle=0x0001 --value=0x0011
erin@sundays:~$ gatttool -b 78:DD:08:A3:A7:52 --char-read --psm=31 --mtu=48 --handle=0x0001
Characteristic value/descriptor: 00 00 11

Tips for Transmission in Android

2010-10-24T23:38:00.000-07:00

use Transmission Web UI

1. set environment variable TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME to "/etc/transmission/web"


diff --git a/external/transmission/libtransmission/platform.c b/external/transmission/libtransmission/platform.c
index d3493ae..e7d6ab8 100644
--- a/external/transmission/libtransmission/platform.c
+++ b/external/transmission/libtransmission/platform.c
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@
  #include 
 #endif
 
+#ifndef TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME
+ #define TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME "/etc/transmission/web"
+#endif
+
 #include 
 #include 
 #include 
@@ -615,7 +619,10 @@ tr_getWebClientDir( const tr_session * session UNUSED )
                     s = NULL;
                 }
             }
-
+#elif defined( TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME )
+                       {
+                               s = tr_strdup( TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME );
+                       }
 #else /* everyone else, follow the XDG spec */

2. copy its Web UI to rootdir


diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index e91bad2..2f0ff12 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -5,6 +5,43 @@ include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 copy_from := \
        etc/dbus.conf \
+        etc/transmission/web/stylesheets/common.css \
+        etc/transmission/web/stylesheets/iphone.css \
+        etc/transmission/web/stylesheets/ie7.css \
+        etc/transmission/web/stylesheets/ie6.css \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/menu.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/common.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/torrent.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/transmission.remote.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery/jquery.form.min.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery/jquery.contextmenu.min.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery/json.min.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery/jquery.min.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/jquery/jquery.transmenu.min.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/dialog.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/javascript/transmission.js \
+        etc/transmission/web/index.html \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/favicon.ico \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/favicon.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/logo.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/filter_icon.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/chrome.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/iphone_chrome.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/transfer_arrows.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/graphics/filter_bar.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/progress/progress.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/cancel.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/info_activity.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/info_files.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/tab_backgrounds.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/torrent_buttons.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/toolbar_buttons.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/file_wanted_buttons.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/info_trackers.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/file_priority_buttons.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/buttons/info_general.png \
+        etc/transmission/web/images/webclip-icon.png \
        etc/hosts

3. write transmission-daemon as a service in init.rc


diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 3011bf6..a3c45f8 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -361,6 +361,12 @@ service dbus /system/bin/dbus-daemon --system --nofork
     user bluetooth
     group bluetooth net_bt_admin
 
+service tr-daemon /system/bin/transmission-daemon -g /data/transmission -w /data/transmission/ -c /data/transmission/
+    user root
+    group net_admin system
+    disabled
+    oneshot
+
 service bluetoothd /system/bin/bluetoothd -n
     socket bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
     socket dbus_bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth

4. Some important arguments for transmission-daemon


     -g --config-dir directory
             Where to look for configuration files. When it stars to run, it would 
             write a settings.json file to this folder. It stores all config values.

     -c directory
             Directory to watch for new .torrent files to be added. If you push
             torrent files to this directory, the daemon will load them into
             Transmission automatically.

     -w --download-dir
             Where to store downloaded data.

5. add Transmission site "http://localhost:9091" to default Bookmark list in Browser


diff --git a/packages/apps/Browser/res/values/strings.xml b/packages/apps/Browser/res/values/strings.xml
index 18a2144..1824664 100644
--- a/packages/apps/Browser/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/packages/apps/Browser/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -675,6 +675,8 @@
         http://www.weather.com/
         BBC
         http://www.bbc.co.uk/
+        Transmission
+        http://localhost:9091/

use Transmission in Android

2010-09-10T16:57:00.000-07:00

Recently, I am checking how to use BitTorrent function in Android. There are lots of BitTorrent tools in Internet. Based on my common user experiences, I was using BitComet in Windows machine, Transmission in Ubuntu laptop, Vuze in Mac mini, and rTorrent in Debian server. I also found there are some BitTorrent remote management applications in Android market, but it's for controlling remote torrents, not directly download files via BT.

After making a survey of these BitTorrent tools, I choose Transmission, since I think porting it in Android is with less effort and more simple. I didn't build related GTK or QT code for Transmission. I'd like to use it without its own GUI. It has 'transmission-daemon' and 'transmission-remote' command line tools. I can use both of them to use Transmission without a GUI. Furthermore, it comes with a WEB UI. It means I can control BitTorrent from a browser. Therefore, I don't need to write Java UI application for it.


# export TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME=/etc/web/transmission                                         
# transmission-daemon -f -g /sdcard/transmission -w /sdcard/transmission --incomplete-dir /sdcard/transmission
[11:48:07.715] Transmission 2.04 (11151) started (external/transmission/libtransmission/session.c:622)
[11:48:07.727] RPC Server Adding address to whitelist: 127.0.0.1 (external/transmission/libtransmission/rpc-server.c:767)
[11:48:07.727] RPC Server Serving RPC and Web requests on port 9091 (external/transmission/libtransmission/rpc-server.c:940)
[11:48:07.727] RPC Server Whitelist enabled (external/transmission/libtransmission/rpc-server.c:944)
[11:48:07.728] DHT Generating new id (external/transmission/libtransmission/tr-dht.c:378)
[11:48:07.728] Using settings from "/sdcard/transmission" (external/transmission/daemon/daemon.c:443)
[11:48:07.728] disable save setting here! (external/transmission/daemon/daemon.c:444)
[11:48:07.728] Loaded 2 torrents (external/transmission/libtransmission/session.c:1743)
[11:48:07.728] Port Forwarding (NAT-PMP) initnatpmp succeeded (0) (external/transmission/libtransmission/natpmp.c:67)
[11:48:07.729] Port Forwarding (NAT-PMP) sendpublicaddressrequest succeeded (2) (external/transmission/libtransmission/natpmp.c:67)

I verified it in Android emulator (froyo), coz it can use local machine network. I run Transmission-daemon from the terminal. Then, I open Android Web browser and type this URL http://localhost:9091. It would go to Transmission Web UI. I can control torrent from it. Like add a BT torrent, delete torrent, pause it, check current status. The Web UI looks nice and easy to use.

How about make it more straight? I would like to search BitTorrent from application UI, not from Web browser. Then I can save some time on typing. I find a very comprehensive BitTorrent tool Transdroid in Android market . It can control remote BitTorrent and it supports Transmission too. I use it to connect my local one. It has a search function and you can also set the BitTorrent searching engine from the menu. It makes thing easier, search something, pick up a torrent, download it, and see it. There is a help guide in their web site.

These screenshots are copied from my office machine. The network environment here is bad. I cannot see good downloading speed. But I verified few torrents at my home machine, the downloading speed was over 500 KB. Also, the download speed depends on the content you are downloading too. If you search some very hot or popular things, the download speed would be very high!

I created a project android-transmission in gitoriou. If you have interests, you could use my works there.

0xdroid release beagle-eclair-0x5, devkit8k-eclair-0x5 (with/without SGX)

2010-08-02T01:00:00.000-07:00

0xlab team is glad to announce the fifth release of 0xdroid. 0xdroid is community-developed Android distribution by 0xlab, runs on omap3 based boards include beagleboard and devkit8000.

Version: beagle-eclair-0x5-sgx, beagle-eclair-0x5-no-sgx, devkit8k-eclair-0x5-sgx, devkit8k-eclair-0x5-no-sgx

Version: beagle-eclair-0x5
Date: July 30, 2010
Release Image:
beagle-eclair-0x5_no_sgx.zip
beagle-eclair-0x5_sgx.zip
devkit8k-eclair-0x5_no_sgx.zip
devkit8k-eclair-0x5_sgx.zip
MD5 sum:
beagle-eclair-0x5_no_sgx
beagle-eclair-0x5_sgx
devkit8k-eclair-0x5_no_sgx
devkit8k-eclair-0x5_sgx

Release Details

Eclair codebase
Feature: Major Linux kernel upgrade: from 2.6.29 to 2.6.32
Feature: Support TI's Android PowerVR SGX (hardware 2D/3D engine)
Feature: Support Android USB gadget: adb and mass-storage (issue #95)
Note: 0xdroid no longer support usbnet gadget driver. Use adb or USB Ethernet instead.
Feature: new Bluetooth Extensions -- HID (issue #102)
Feature: Make Launcher2 really usable (issue #76)
Feature: Make Gallery3D workable by fixing PixelFlinger regressions (issue #107)
Feature: Touchscreen Calibration shouldn't require reboot (issue #94, issue #99)
Feature: Robocat i2c port support (issue #134)
Feature: Improved libgralloc for non HW accelerated target (issue #108, issue #133)

For more detail, please reference our roadmap and issues tracking

Where to download images
You can grab the image from here and following the steps described on the wiki page to test the image.

This release comes with PowerVR SGX from Texas Instruments. If you try both two images with SGX and without SGX, you would tell how amazing it displays photos in Gallery 3D application. Like ususal, it also comes with a happy Installer and it would bring you an Android Eclair system in few seconds. If you are looking for more details about the integration, you could reference to this wiki page.

How to build from scratch


 $ repo init -u git://gitorious.org/0xdroid/manifest.git -b beagle-eclair
 $ echo "TARGET_PRODUCT := beagleboard" > buildspec.mk
 $ echo "TARGET_PRODUCT := devkit8000" > buildspec.mk ( if build for devkit8000 )
 $ echo "INSTALL_PREBUILT_DEMO_APKS := true" >> buildspec.mk ( optional for adding prebuilt demo apks )
 $ cd .repo/manifests/
 $ git checkout -b beagle-eclair-0x5-release beagle-eclair-0x5
 $ repo sync
 $ repo forall -c "git checkout -b beagle-eclair-0x5-release beagle-eclair-0x5"
 $ make (or make -j4 if there are 4 cores)

Give us feedback
Join the 0xlab Development mailing-list
Join the 0xlab General discussion mailing-list
Issue tracking

Connect with Bluetooth keyboard and mice in Android Eclair

2010-07-05T02:54:00.000-07:00

In Nexus one without HID profile:

In Qualcomm MSM72xx platform with HID profile support:

Apparently, it is more friendly and user can connect with bluetooth keyboard from Setting UI application. Use can type words from a real keyboard, not from a tiny touch screen. All code are in 0xdroid project based on Eclair.

Add Bluetooth HID profile in Android

2010-06-21T22:57:00.000-07:00

The HID profile defines the protocols, procedures and features to be used by Bluetooth HID such as keyboards, pointing devices, gaming devices and remote monitoring devices. When I tried bluetooth function in Android Dev Phone (G1) last year, I use a utility tool 'hidd' which is from native bluez. It is a command tool. After I can pair with Apple Wireless keyboard sucessfully, I type 'hidd ' from terminal, then I can start to use it. But it's not automatically, I cannot connect it from Setting UI application either. Therefore, we should add a new Bluetooth HID profile in Android, to make it be connectable, like a BT headset or speaker.

# hidd --connect 00:1D:4F:A7:9A:49

# hidd --show
00:1D:4F:A7:9A:49 Apple Inc. Keyboard [05ac:022c] connected

0xlab is a member of OESF (Oopen Embedded Software Foundation) and they have some very useful bluetooth extensions in their 'Embedded Master 1' project. Althought these features are based on Android Donuts, they are still a very good reference. Therefore, I use their code and modify few parts of code for newer Android Eclair version. The difference of Eclair from Donuts in Bluetooth is bluez dbus API changes and some java API changes in frameworks. I've committed my patches to 0xdroid project in gitouris. If you'd like to use my work, you could apply patches in Frameworks and Setting application.

Beside the code in Frameworks and Settings UI application, I have to enable some features in kernel, since I use Apple Wireless Keyboard for this experiment. If I don't enable them, I can't never create an input device for Apple keyboard in Android. It took me few days to debug this issue. I cannot tell why I can use hidd to connect with it without any problem, but cannot use Dbus method to connect with it correctly. It's very weird. It's said 'Connected', but I cannot receive any key events or cannot see a virtual input device in Android system. Furthermore, there is no problem on connecting with a BT mice at all. Both methods are fine.

When I tried to implement any features in Android, I would try it in my Ubuntu machine first. They have linux kenel and many native code are the same. Based on the experiences in Ubuntu, I can know how it works and the normal flow what it looks like. In Ubuntu, when I connect with an Apple Wireless Keyboard, I can see the device name from dmesg. But I cannot see the device name in Android at all, I can see BT mouse device name in Android. Therefore, I check menuconfig on building kernel, and then I see some HID special drivers. I just enable features like CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y, CONFIG_HID_DEBUG=y, CONFIG_HIDRAW=y, CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV=y. After using the new kenel image, I can connect/disconnect with a BT keyboard from Setting UI application normally. I've verified my work in Beagle board and Qualcomm MSM72xx platform.

How to add a test plan, package to Android CTS?

2010-05-03T21:56:00.000-07:00

If we check Android source code, we can find some test packages in Android applications. We can either run these test packages in Android device or we can combine them with Android CTS from host machine. Here is an example from Music application. I will create a test plan MusicTests and test package MusicTestCases in CTS.

Add test package source code to cts folder

$ cp -a $MYDROID/packages/apps/Music/tests $MYDROID/cts/tests/tests/MusicTests

Modify test package name in Android.mk to avoid redundant name


$ cat $MYDROID/cts/tests/tests/MusicTests/Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

# We only want this apk build for tests.
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests

LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := android.test.runner

# Include all test java files.
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)

LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := MusicTestsCases

LOCAL_INSTRUMENTATION_FOR := Music

include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)

Add one test case to CTS_CASE_LIST in build/core/tasks/cts.mk


erin@midnight:~/eclair/build/core$ git diff
diff --git a/core/tasks/cts.mk b/core/tasks/cts.mk
index 917c5dc..17f6dbc 100644
--- a/core/tasks/cts.mk
+++ b/core/tasks/cts.mk
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ CTS_CASE_LIST := \
        CtsPerformance3TestCases \
        CtsPerformance4TestCases \
        CtsPerformance5TestCases \
+       MusicTestsCases \
        ApiDemos \
        ApiDemosReferenceTest \
        $(CTS_CORE_CASE_LIST) \

Add test plan 'MusicTests' in cts/tools/utils/buildCts.py


  def GenerateTestPlans(self):
    .....
    plan = tools.TestPlan(packages)
    plan.Include(r'android\.MusicTests')
    self.__WritePlan(plan, 'MusicTests')

make cts again

$ cd $MYDROID
$ . build/envsetup.sh
$ make cts

run MusicTestCases

$ cd $mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/bin/
$ ./cts

cts_host > start --plan MusicTests
start test plan MusicTests
==============================================================
Test package: android.MusicTests
install met failure [install_failed_insufficient_storage]
com.android.music.tests.stress.AlbumsPlaybackStress#testAlbumPlay.....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.stress.AlbumsPlaybackStress#testActivityTestCaseSetUpProperly....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.stress.MusicPlaybackStress#testPlayAllSongs....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.stress.MusicPlaybackStress#testActivityTestCaseSetUpProperly....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestPlaylist#testDeletePlaylist....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestPlaylist#testRenamePlaylist....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestPlaylist#testActivityTestCaseSetUpProperly....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestSongs#testAddPlaylist.....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestSongs#testSetRingtone.....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestSongs#testDeleteSong.....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.functional.TestSongs#testActivityTestCaseSetUpProperly....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.MusicPlayerStability#testPlay30sMP3....(pass)
com.android.music.tests.MusicPlayerStability#testLaunchMusicPlayer....(pass)
==============================================================
Test summary:   pass=13   fail=0   timeOut=0   notExecuted=0   Total=13
Time: 100.780s

Here is a video I run this MusicTestCases in Android emulator!

[video] Use 3G modem card in Android (devkit8000)

2010-04-27T03:36:00.000-07:00

Use 3G modem data card in Android

2010-04-27T02:21:00.000-07:00

We found Android-x86 had a new feature about telephony. It's about to use a 3G modem data card in EeePC and it can use 3G network to browse Internet. Therefore, I followed up this issue and verified it in Devkit8000 device. Now, it's one of our new released features and it comes with 0xdroid 0x4 release pre-built image too. In the beginning, I was trying to use a Quanta Q101 data card in Android emulator. How to run this experiment in my Ubuntu 9.10 manchine?

Set up Quanta Q101

Check this long discussion, I added a new rule file as below. When I plug-in q101 card, it can auto-mount to GSM modem mode with 4 ports.

erin@midnight:~$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/30-q101.rules
#
# first, q101 will be detected as usb_storage of 0408:1000
# you have to force it suspend to change running mode from
# storage to 3.5g card

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0408", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1000", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'cd /sys$env{DEVPATH};until test -f power/level;do cd ..;done;if [ -f power/level ];then echo suspend > power/level;fi'"

Wait about 10 seconds, then you can check these devices. RIL is /dev/ttyUSB3, PPP is /dev/ttyUSB1. When you use in Android emulator, it would become /dev/ttyS2 and /dev/ttyS3.

erin@midnight:~$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB*
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 1 2010-04-27 16:34 /dev/ttyUSB1
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 2 2010-04-27 15:55 /dev/ttyUSB2
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 3 2010-04-27 17:16 /dev/ttyUSB3
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 4 2010-04-27 15:50 /dev/ttyUSB4

Need Kernel support PPP
I read this discussion and download Android kernel source code to rebuild kernel.

# git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git
# cd kernel
# git checkout -b android-goldfish korg/android-goldfish-2.6.29
# cd $MYDROID/out
# ./host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -system ./target/product/generic/system.img -sysdir ./target/product/generic/system -data ./target/product/generic/userdata.img -kernel ../prebuilt/android-arm/kernel/kernel-qemu -ramdisk ./target/product/generic/ramdisk.img
# adb pull /proc/config.gz $MYDROID/kernel/
# cd $MYDROID/kernel/
# gunzip config.gz
# mv config .config
# make ARCH=arm menuconfig
(Add PPP in)
# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi- zImage

Start the emulator again with new kernel image and then check /dev/ppp device!

# cd $MYDROID/out
# ./host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -system ./target/product/generic/system.img -sysdir ./target/product/generic/system -data ./target/product/generic/userdata.img -kernel ../kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -ramdisk ./target/product/generic/ramdisk.img
# adb shell ls -l /dev/ppp
crw-rw---- radio    vpn      108,   0 2010-04-27 15:36 ppp

Modify Android source code
I applied the patches from Android-x86 and re-modified some code for Quanta q101 card. Also modify gprs script, since I am using Taiwan GSM netowork.

external ppp
http://gitorious.org/0xdroid/external_ppp/commit/6624b6760d8fde02993f3a3f02df3ec9db739e41

hardware ril
http://git.android-x86.org/?p=platform/hardware/ril.git;a=commit;h=b499fabc3459930a42f0ecc62257caef6aa216dc

system core
http://gitorious.org/0xdroid/system_core/commit/81b121623c3f05298b5166d03714655d1ab2ddf8

Since I am using Android emulator, the device names are different from Devkit8000.

Change the device permissions:


diff --git a/init/devices.c b/init/devices.c
index 4d93b44..0023cc3 100644
--- a/init/devices.c
+++ b/init/devices.c
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ static struct perms_ devperms[] = {
     { "/dev/android_adb_enable",   0660,   AID_ADB,        AID_ADB,        0 },
     { "/dev/ttyMSM0",       0600,   AID_BLUETOOTH,  AID_BLUETOOTH,  0 },
     { "/dev/ttyHS0",        0600,   AID_BLUETOOTH,  AID_BLUETOOTH,  0 },
+    { "/dev/ttyS2",         0660,   AID_RADIO,      AID_RADIO,      0 },
+    { "/dev/ttyS3",         0660,   AID_RADIO,      AID_RADIO,      0 },
     { "/dev/uinput",        0660,   AID_SYSTEM,     AID_BLUETOOTH,  0 },
     { "/dev/alarm",         0664,   AID_SYSTEM,     AID_RADIO,      0 },
     { "/dev/tty0",          0660,   AID_ROOT,       AID_SYSTEM,     0 },

Modify RIL argument and add ppp service from init:


erin@midnight:~/eclair/mydroid/build/target/board/generic$ cat system.prop
#
# system.prop for generic sdk
#

rild.libpath=/system/lib/libreference-ril.so
rild.libargs=-d /dev/ttyS2

# add these lines in system/core/rootdir/init.rc
service ppp /system/bin/pppd call gprs
 user root
 group system radio
 disabled
 oneshot

Run Android Emulator
After changing these code, rebuilt Android again. Then we can run Android emulator from below command:

erin@midnight:~/eclair/mydroid/out$ ./host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -system ./target/product/generic/system.img -sysdir ./target/product/generic/system -data ./target/product/generic/userdata.img -kernel ../kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -ramdisk ./target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -sdcard ./target/product/generic/sdcard.img -qemu -serial /dev/ttyUSB3 -serial /dev/ttyUSB1

Run ppp manually
After starting ppp service, it would appear one network connection called 'ppp'.

# adb shell
# start ppp
# netcfg
lo       UP    127.0.0.1       255.0.0.0       0x00000049
eth0     UP    10.0.2.15       255.255.255.0   0x00001043
tunl0    DOWN  0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         0x00000080
gre0     DOWN  0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         0x00000080
ppp0     UP    115.82.23.238   255.255.255.255 0x000010d1

Add APN for Taiwan GSM network

Android CTS (Compatibility Test Suite) introduction

2010-04-25T23:13:00.000-07:00

What is CTS?

Compatibility Test Suite is a command mode tool to run a series of test cases in Android. They published all CTS source codes from Eclair branch on January 2010.

git repository
http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/cts.git;a=summary

How to run CTS in host machine?

$ cd $MYDROID
$  . build/envsetup.sh
$ make cts

(it would generate all test plans, packages, cases, result report format and then zip to a android-cts.zip file)

Package CTS: out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts.zip
cts make file: mydroid/build/core/tasks/cts.mk
run cts program: mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/bin/cts
test plans: mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts/repository/plans
test packages: mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts/repository/testcases
test results: mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/cts/android-cts/repository/results
CTS program settings value: mydroid/cts/tools/utils/host_config.xml

run cts
$ cd $mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/bin/
$ ./cts

Screen would like this:


erin@midnight:~/eclair/mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/bin$ ./cts
Android CTS version 2.1_r1
cts_host > help
Usage: command options
Avaiable commands and options:
Host:
help: show this message
exit: exit cts command line
Plan:
ls --plan: list available plans
ls --plan plan_name: list contents of the plan with specified name
add --plan plan_name: add a new plan with specified name
add --derivedplan plan_name -s/--session session_id -r/--result result_type: derive a plan from the given session
rm --plan plan_name/all: remove a plan or all plans from repository
start --plan test_plan_name: run a test plan
start --plan test_plan_name -d/--device device_ID: run a test plan using the specified device
start --plan test_plan_name -t/--test test_name: run a specific test
start --plan test_plan_name -p/--package java_package_name: run a specific java package
start --plan test_plan_name -t/--test test_name -d/--device device_ID: run a specific test using the specified device
start --plan test_plan_name -p/--package java_package_name -d/--device device_ID: run a specific java package using the specified device
Package:
ls -p/--package: list available packages
ls -p/--package package_name: list contents of the package with specified name
add -p/--package root: add packages from root to repository
rm -p/--package package_name/all: remove a package or all packages from repository
Result:
ls -r/--result: list all result of sessions
ls -r/--result -s/--session session_id: list detail case result of a specified session
ls -r/--result [pass/fail/notExecuted/timeout] -s/--session session_id: list detail cases of a specified session by the specified result.
History:
history/h: list all commands in command history
history/h count: list the latest count records in command history
history/h -e num: run the command designated by 'num' in command history
Device:
ls -d/--device: list available devices

How to add test plan, test packages to CTS?

Add test package name to cts.mk, it would generate apk file when we build cts.
Add all source folder (includes src java files, Android.mk and its Manifest file) to mydroid/cts/tests/tests
If you'd like to create a test plan for this test package. Modify this python script: mydroid/cts/tools/utils/buildCts.py

Adjust CTS program settings?

Modify $mydroid/cts/tools/utils/host_config.xml

Number of tests executed between reboots. A value <= 0 disables reboots. (maxTestCount)
Max size [tests] for a package to be run in batch mode. (maxTestInBatchMode)
Max time [ms] between test status updates. (testStatusTimeoutMs)
Max time [ms] from start of package in batch mode and the first test status update. (batchStartTimeoutMs)
Max time [ms] from start of test in individual mode to the first test status update. (individualStartTimeoutMs)
Timeout [ms] for the signature check. (signatureTestTimeoutMs)
Timeout [ms] for package installations. (packageInstallTimeoutMs)
Time to wait [ms] after a package installation or removal. (postInstallWaitMs)

Write your own testing package?

If you would like to write your own testing package, you may reference the Instrumentation Testing document from Android porting guide. Also, you could reference the source code from few Android application, like Browser, Messages, Gallery, Email, Camera, Calculator....etc. You can build its test apk file and upload it to device.

How to write test cases?
Each instrumentation test case is similar to an Android application with the distinction that it starts another application. For example, have a look in the $MYDROID/packages/apps/Music directory.

There should be a Makefile and an Android Manifest file
Tests are located in $MYDROID/packages/apps/Music/tests.
The Instrumentation Test Runner is located at packages/apps/Music/tests/src/com/android/music/MusicPlayerFunctionalTestRunner.java.

Build package apk file

erin@midnight:~/eclair/mydroid/packages/apps/Music/tests$ mm
Install: out/target/product/generic/data/app/MusicTests.apk

Install it to the device
erin@midnight:~/eclair/mydroid/packages/apps/Music/tests$ adb install ../../../../out/target/product/generic/data/app/MusicTests.apk

How to run test cases in device?

Running Tests

erin@midnight:~/$ adb shell pm list instrumentation
instrumentation:com.android.music.tests/.MusicPlayerStressTestRunner (target=com.android.music)
instrumentation:com.android.music.tests/.MusicPlayerFunctionalTestRunner (target=com.android.music)
instrumentation:com.android.music.tests/.MusicPlayerLaunchPerformance (target=com.android.music)

The am command is a command-line interface to the ActivityManager. 'am' is used to start and instrument activities using the adb shell command, as shown in the snippet below:


> adb shell am
usage: am [start|instrument]
      am start [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>]
               [-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...]
               [-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> [-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> ...]
               [-n <COMPONENT>] [-D] [<URI>]
      am instrument [-e <ARG_NAME> <ARG_VALUE>] [-p <PROF_FILE>]
               [-w] <COMPONENT>

For example, to start the Contacts application you can use
> adb shell am start -n com.google.android.contacts/.ContactsActivity

Eg. verify Music player launcher performance

erin@midnight:~/$ adb shell am instrument -w -r com.android.music.tests/.MusicPlayerLaunchPerformance

Eg. verify Music player stress test

erin@midnight:~/$ adb shell am instrument -w -r com.android.music.tests/.MusicPlayerStressTestRunner

Here is a video about running a cts test case by Android emulator!

New Bluetooth Object Push Profile in Android 2.0 (Eclair)

2010-02-01T23:41:00.000-08:00

From Android developer website, they said Android 2.0 provides two new Bluetooth profiles: Object Push Profile (OPP) and Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP). Seeing is believing. Where is the meat? ha, I found they finally released their Bluetooth application source code. Therefore, I tried to verify OPP in Beagle board. :D

As usual, I read Build-from-Scratch wiki page and download code from 0xdroid project with beagle-eclair branch. LIke beagle-donut, I can use USB mouse, keyboard, mount a SD sdcard, use USB networking, and then I turn Bluetooth on. It's very easy to set up the working environment with 0xdroid.

Check Bluetooth application source code and install it in Beagleboard


cd packages/apps
git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/packages/apps/Bluetooth.git
cd Bluetooth
git checkout -b eclair remotes/origin/eclair
git pull
source ../../../build/envsetup.sh
mm
adb install ../../../out/target/product/beagleboard/system/app/Bluetooth.apk

Trace related log

When we saw the log like below, it means it provides OPP service in RFCOMM channel 12 and PBAP service in RFCOMM channel 19.


I/bluedroid(  736): Starting hciattach daemon
I/bluedroid(  736): Starting bluetoothd deamon

I/bluetooth_ScoSocket.cpp(  797): Listening SCO socket...
V/BtOpp Service(  933): Service onCreate

V/BtOpp Service(  933): Starting RfcommListener in 9 seconds
V/BtOpp Service(  933): Service onStartCommand

V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Pbap Service onCreate
V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Starting PBAP service
V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Pbap Service onStartCommand

D/BluetoothService(  736): Registering hfag record
D/BluetoothService(  736): Registering opush record
D/BluetoothService(  736): Registering pbap record

V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Handler(): got msg=1
V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Pbap Service startRfcommSocketListener
V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Pbap Service initSocket
V/BluetoothPbapService(  933): Succeed to create listening socket on channel 19

V/BtOpp Service(  933): start RfcommListener
V/BtOpp Service(  933): RfcommListener started
I/BtOppRfcommListener(  933): Accept thread started on channel 12

Receiving and sending out data via Bluetooth

Currently, it only accepts few media types, like image, video, audio, text/plain and text/html and it should have the extension name. It cannot accept vcard and vcalendar. But we can modify few lines in 'Bluetooth/src/com/android/bluetooth/opp/Constants.java ', then it can store vcard files. One more problem, there is no matched application can view *.vcf file. I guess I can reference with previous beagle-donut code to fix it. All incoming files are stored in /sdcard/bluetooth folder. Also, there is a db file to record all Bluetooth application actions.


# cd /sdcard/bluetooth
# ls
08042009068.jpg
08042009068-1.jpg

# cd /data/data/com.android.bluetooth/databases
# ls
btopp.db
# sqlite3 btopp.db
SQLite version 3.5.9
Enter ".help" for instructions
sqlite> .tables
android_metadata  btopp           
sqlite> select * from btopp;
1||08042009068.jpg||image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|1|493|394450||946685154325|0
2|content://media/external/images/media/1|08042009068.jpg|/sdcard/bluetooth/08042009068.jpg|image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|1|200|394450|394450|946685200379|1
3||olv.vcf|/sdcard/bluetooth/olv.vcf|text/x-vcard|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|1|200|68|68|946685305125|2
4|file:///sdcard/bluetooth/08042009068.jpg|08042009068.jpg||image/jpeg|0|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|2|200|394450|394450|946685368037|0
5||btopp_vcard.vcf|/sdcard/bluetooth/btopp_vcard.vcf|text/x-vcard|1|00:22:A5:B8:AD:65|1|1|496|168||946685701894|0
6||btopp_vcard.vcf|/sdcard/bluetooth/btopp_vcard.vcf|text/x-vcard|1|00:22:A5:B8:AD:65|1|1|200|168|168|946685806848|2
7||08042009068.jpg||image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|4|490|394450||946698435289|0
8||08042009068.jpg||image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|4|490|394450||946698501841|0
9|content://media/external/images/media/1|08042009068.jpg|/sdcard/bluetooth/08042009068.jpg|image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|1|200|394450|394450|946698554454|1
10|content://media/external/images/media/2|08042009068-1.jpg|/sdcard/bluetooth/08042009068-1.jpg|image/jpeg|1|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|1|200|394450|394450|946698717592|1
11|file:///sdcard/bluetooth/08042009068-1.jpg|08042009068-1.jpg||image/jpeg|0|00:22:A5:B8:AD:65|1|2|495|394450|0|946698901473|0
12|content://media/external/images/media/2|08042009068-1.jpg||image/jpeg|0|00:18:C5:42:18:78|1|2|200|394450|394450|946699019695|0

Screenshots from beagle-eclair

* Turn Bluetooth On
* Pair with Nokia N73 phone
* Receive an image from N73 to Beagle board via BT
* Send an image from Beagle board to N73 via BT

View all

Get your own

Automated test in Android by Sikuli

2010-01-25T01:56:00.000-08:00

There is a very friendly and pretty cool project called 'Sikuli' and the authors are from Taiwan too. What is Sikuli? I copy these texts from its website. Sikuli is a visual technology to search and automate graphical user interfaces (GUI) using images (screenshots). The first release of Sikuli contains Sikuli Script, a visual scripting API for Jython, and Sikuli IDE, an integrated development environment for writing visual scripts with screenshots easily. Sikuli Script automates anything you see on the screen without internal API's support. You can programmatically control a web page, a desktop application running on Windows/Linux/Mac OS X, or even an iphone application running in an emulator.

How I use Sikuli for Android? Since we can catch things from screenshots, it means we can run Android emulator in my Ubuntu machine. Furthermore, I can run a vnc server in Android device, then run a vnc viewer in Ubuntu. Therefore, I can see Android HOME screen in my Desktop. What it can do for me? ha, it can run automated tests and then we don't need SQA to verify phone basic functionalities. Like detect GSM signal, dial out a phone call, enable Bluetooth, connect to WiFi hotspot....etc.

Launch Sikuli IDE editor in Ubuntu


wget http://sikuli.org/dl/Sikuli-IDE-linux-20100104.zip
unzip Sikuli-IDE-linux-20100104.zip
sh Sikuli-IDE/sikuli-ide.sh

Launch Android in Ubuntu

There is another tool "androidscreencast" I am using for this automated test. It can allow me to control my Android Dev phone remotely. We can have keyboard and mouse input! This is very important for Sikuli scripts, coz I can say "Click" something or "type" something. :)


wget http://androidscreencast.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/AndroidScreencast/dist/androidscreencast.jnlp
javaws androidscreencast.jnlp

Let's write some examples! Please check these draft videos!

Build Sikuli in Ubuntu 9.10 (64 bit)

1. download the source code (you'll need to install bzr, if you don't have it)
> bzr branch lp:sikuli

2. check java version (use java-6-sun)
erin@midnight:~/code/sikuli$ file /etc/alternatives/java
/etc/alternatives/java: symbolic link to `/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre/bin/java'
erin@midnight:~/code/sikuli$ file /etc/alternatives/javac
/etc/alternatives/javac: symbolic link to `/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/bin/javac'

3. install some libraries
tesseract-ocr - Command line OCR tool
tesseract-ocr-dev - Development files for the tesseract command line OCR tool
maven2 - Java software project management and comprehension tool
libcv1 - computer vision library
libcvaux1 - computer vision extension library
libhighgui1 - computer vision GUI library

4. build code
>cd sikuli-script
>make

g++ ScreenMatchProxy.o ocr-matcher.o template-matcher.o myocr.o screendiff.o -o ../../../target/lib/libScreenMatchProxy.so `pkg-config --libs opencv` -shared -L/usr/local/lib -I/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/lib -ltesseract_full -ltiff
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.1/../../../../lib/libtesseract_full.a(libtesseract_full.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `BLOCK_zapper(ELIST_LINK*)' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.1/../../../../lib/libtesseract_full.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [../../../target/lib/libScreenMatchProxy.so] Error 1

how i solved: i removed -ltesseract_full, then rebuilt it!
>cd src/main/native/
>g++ ScreenMatchProxy.o ocr-matcher.o template-matcher.o myocr.o screendiff.o -o ../../../target/lib/libScreenMatchProxy.so `pkg-config --libs opencv` -shared -L/usr/local/lib -I/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/lib -ltiff

>make install-jar (it would build sikuli-script.jar, that is what we need!)
>make release (it would build for all platforms, then zip to a file.)

erin@midnight:~/project/sikuli/sikuli-script$ make release
mkdir -p target/sikuli-script
rm -rf target/sikuli-script/*
cp target/sikuli-script.{bat,sh} target/sikuli-script
cp: cannot stat `target/sikuli-script.{bat,sh}': No such file or directory
make: *** [release] Error 1

how i solved: modify two lines in sikuli-script/Makefile and mkdir ../release
cp target/sikuli-script.bat target/sikuli-script.sh $(RELEASE_TMP_PATH)
cp -r $(LIB_PATH)/win32 $(LIB_PATH)/tmplib $(RELEASE_TMP_PATH)

Done! you will find a zip file 'Sikuli-Script-all-20100128.zip' in release directory.

>cd sikuli-ide
>make install-jar
>make major-release

Done! you will find a zip file 'Sikuli-IDE-linux-20100128.zip' in release directory. This one is like we download from Sikuli website for linux version.

Android Bluetooth in Eclair

2009-12-27T23:46:00.000-08:00

If you noticed the source code in Eclair branch, you will find few differences in Bluetooth function. There are three new git repositories for bluetooth. "bluez", "glib" and "hcidump", all of them are located in /external/bluetooth folder, not /external/bluez anymore.

bluez

android source: git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/bluetooth/bluez.git
Eclair is using bluez version 4.47 and the big difference would be bluez API. Since it has a lot of changes between bluez3 (android 1.6) and bluez4 (Android 2.0), we can tell from the documents in doc folder. Or we can use dbus-send to get the detailed information.


# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez / org.bluez.Manager.DefaultAdapter
method return sender=:1.2 -> dest=:1.3
   object path "/org/bluez/932/hci0"

# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/932/hci0 org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect

Also, bluetooth service name is changed in Eclair. It's "bluetoothd" now. Check init.rc in /system/core/rootdir.


service bluetoothd /system/bin/bluetoothd -d -n
    socket bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
    socket dbus_bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
    # init.rc does not yet support applying capabilities, so run as root and
    # let bluetoothd drop uid to bluetooth with the right linux capabilities
    group bluetooth net_bt_admin misc
    disabled

glib

android source: git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/bluetooth/glib.git

When we build bluez library, it would build glib as a static library.
GLib provides the core application building blocks for libraries and applications written in C. It provides the core object system used in GNOME, the main loop implementation, and a large set of utility functions for strings and common data structures. If you are interested in how bluez use glib, you can trace bluez source code.

new Bluetooth API

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/wireless/bluetooth.html

About Bluetooth, Android website has a very good document. It lists the functions and example code.


Bluetooth
    * Turn on/off Bluetooth
    * Device and service discovery
    * Connect to a remote device using RFCOMM and send/receive data
    * Advertise RFCOMM services and listen for incoming RFCOMM connection

Bluetooth Chat application
What I am curious? It's related to using RFCOMM and send/receive data. In the beginning, I am not quite understand and I thought it's OBEX. After running Bluetooth Chat application, I know what it means now. I installed 0xlab experimental eclair image in Beagle board and installed Bluetooth chat example from Android. I also run a python script in my ubuntu machine and it's from pybluez. Then, I can chat between Beagle board and my laptop via Bluetooth. When we start to run Bluetooth Chat application, it would create a RFCOMM socket and set it to listen mode. We can retrieve the information from sdptool. Then other BT devices can connect to Android using RFCOMM protocol and set channel to the same one.


# sdptool browse local
Browsing FF:FF:FF:00:00:00 ...
Service Name: BluetoothChat
Service RecHandle: 0x10005
Service Class ID List:
  UUID 128: fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 30

From Collages

0xdroid beagle-donut-0x3 is released now!

2009-12-18T08:12:00.000-08:00

So exciting is our brand new release called '0xdroid beagle donut-0x3' that we forgot all about the coming bad weather in Taipei (raining, humid, and chill). This is our third released image for Beagle board in Android and it's based on Donut branch. If you have a beagle board on hand, you may give it a try. We provide a 'Happy installer' tool and it could give you a 'no pain no tears' good experiences on installing Android. Here is a 2 minutes video in youtube based on real booting time! If you don't have any beagle board to see our work, you could take it a look from our released videos in youtube.

What kind of meat we have this time?

Easy access to Internet through USB OTG network routed via host

Ethernet support + USB OTG network with default static IP configurations ...

Performance improvements

Dalvik VM + JIT compiler for ARMv7 ...
ARM NEON optimizations for PixelFlinger ...

Theme Flexibility

Theme selector introduced ...
Flexible resolution support for Launcher ...

More and better peripheral support

External GSM modem for functional Android Telephony/RIL ...
Bluetooth OBEX OPush and FTP support ...
Motion sensor support ...
Camera capture / recording ...

Stability improvements with several issues fixed

Dalvik stability fix ...
Wifi signal strength with Linux Wireless Extension fix ...
Mouse stability fix ...

Here is our Roadmap about all these releases. If you have interest on particular item, you could get more information from our issue tracker. Furthermore, we welcome your feedback or any suggestion on 0xlab-devel mailing list!

Frankly speaking, my favorite feature in this released image is neither Bluetooth Obex nor GSM modem, what I like most is our theme launcher. It has a Christmas theme inside. This theme is our best wishes. Wish everyone have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

Provide Bluetooth FTP profile in Android

2009-12-01T23:57:00.000-08:00

About providing Bluetooth FTP & OPP profile issue, I've merged all related source code to 0xdroid begle-donut branch. I verified these two services in both Beagle board and Android Dev phone. It looks good now.

When we turn BT on, we start 'obex-client' service in the background. It would register a record to SDP server in bluez and then other BT devices can find we provide this service. How it looks like? We provide channel 7 for FTP. Other BT device can browse our file system using rfcomm. They can pull data from us, modify file name, delete file, or push data to us. Below it's FTP record in SDP database:


Service Name: File Transfer server
Service RecHandle: 0x10003
Service Class ID List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 7
"OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Version: 0x0100

Let's explain it and trace the source code.
Eg. CreateSession method call in obex-client dbus API

How we connect obex-client with Bluetooth UI? [using JNI, aidl, and d-bus]
We register a FTP service from AndroidRuntime. We also create few methods and it's based on obex client API document. Below texts are related source code:

AndroidRuntime.cpp


REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothFtpService),

android_server_BluetoothFtpService.cpp


int register_android_server_BluetoothFtpService(JNIEnv *env)
{
  jclass clazz = env->FindClass("android/server/BluetoothFtpService");

  method_onCreateSessionComplete = env->GetMethodID( clazz, "onCreateSessionComplete", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Z)V" );
  method_onChangeFolderComplete = env->GetMethodID( clazz, "onChangeFolderComplete", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Z)V" );
  
  return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env,
         "android/server/BluetoothFtpService", sMethods, NELEM(sMethods));
}

Below text is the sequence from UI to native code and then back to UI.

RemoteFileManagerActivity.java (Pick up one device from remote tab in Bluetooth UI)


public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
  // Intent intent;
  switch (item.getItemId()) {
  case MENU_SELECT_SERVER:
       if (mFTPClient.isConnectionActive()) {
           Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_ftp_connect_timeout, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
       } else {
          /* Connect to Server */
           handleServerSelect();
       }

public void handleServerSelect() {
  mDirectoryButtons.removeAllViews();
  currentDirectory = "/";
  if (mContext.isBluetoothEnabled()) {
      Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), BluetoothDevicePicker.class);
      intent.setAction(BluetoothAppIntent.ACTION_SELECT_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE);
      intent.putExtra(BluetoothAppIntent.PROFILE, BluetoothAppIntent.PROFILE_FTP);
      intent.setData(Uri.parse("file://" + currentDirectory));
      try {
          startActivityForResult(intent, SUBACTIVITY_PICK_BT_DEVICE);
      } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
          Log.e(TAG, "No Activity for : " + BluetoothAppIntent.ACTION_SELECT_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE, e);
      }
  }
}

protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

  switch (requestCode) {
  case SUBACTIVITY_PICK_BT_DEVICE:
      if (resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null) {
          /* Obtain the Server name and Address */
          String serverAddress = data.getStringExtra(BluetoothDevicePicker.ADDRESS);
          String serverName = data.getStringExtra(BluetoothDevicePicker.NAME);
          if (mFTPClient != null) {
              mFTPClient.setAddress(serverAddress);
              mFTPClient.setName(serverName);
                  mServerConnectButtonLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
              if(mFTPClient.createSession() != true) {
                   String szStr = getResources().getString(R.string.ftp_connect_failed, mFTPClient.getName());
                   Toast.makeText(this, szStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                   updateServerStatus();
              } else {
                   String szStr = getResources().getString(R.string.ftp_connect_device, mFTPClient.getName());
                   showBusy(mFTPClient.getName(), szStr);
              }
          }
      }
      break;
  }
} /* onActivityResult */

BluetoothFtpService.java (handle from Android Frameworks)


public synchronized boolean createSession(String address, IBluetoothFtpCallback callback) {
  /*
   * Need to register callback before calling native code
   * (which could potentially call callback)
   */
  BluetoothObexDatabase.SessionDbItem dbItem =
          mSessionDb.new SessionDbItem(address,null,callback);
  mSessionDb.insert(dbItem);

  boolean ret = createSessionNative(address);

  if (!ret) {
      mSessionDb.deleteByAddress(address);
  }

  return ret;
}

android_server_BluetoothFtpService.cpp (use JNI and send a dbus method call to obex-client)

 
static jboolean createSessionNative(JNIEnv* env, jobject object, jstring address  )
{
DBusMessage *msg = dbus_message_new_method_call(OBEXD_DBUS_CLIENT_SVC,
                                              OBEXD_DBUS_CLIENT_PATH,
                                              OBEXD_DBUS_CLIENT_IFC,
                                              OBEXD_DBUS_CLIENT_CREATE);

pending = (dbus_async_call_t *) malloc(sizeof(dbus_async_call_t));
if (pending)
{
DBusPendingCall *call;
char *context_address =  (char *) calloc(BTADDR_SIZE,
                                         sizeof(char));
strlcpy(context_address, c_address, BTADDR_SIZE);  // for callback
pending->env = env;
pending->user_cb = onCreateSessionComplete;
pending->user = context_address;
pending->nat = nat;
dbus_bool_t reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply(nat->conn,
                                                    msg,
                                                    &call,
                                                    10*1000);

/external/obexd/client/main.c (handle from obex-client)


static DBusMessage *create_session(DBusConnection *connection,
     DBusMessage *message, void *user_data)
{
 if (session_create(source, dest, target, create_callback, data) == 0)
  return NULL;

/external/obexd/client/session.c (use rfcomm to connect with specific channel )


int session_create(const char *source,
   const char *destination, const char *target,
    session_callback_t function, void *user_data)
{
 if (session->channel > 0) {
  err = rfcomm_connect(&session->src, &session->dst,
    session->channel, rfcomm_callback, callback);

android_server_BluetoothFtpService.cpp (we get the callback!)

 
static void onCreateSessionComplete(DBusMessage *msg, void *user, void *nat_cb)
{
char* c_address = (char *)user;
JNIEnv *env = NULL;
nat->vm->GetEnv((void**)&env, nat->envVer);
jstring address = env->NewStringUTF(c_address);

env->CallVoidMethod(nat->me,
                    method_onCreateSessionComplete,
                    obj_path,
                    address,
                    is_error);

BluetoothFTPClient.java (handle from Bluetooth UI)


public void onCreateSessionComplete(boolean isError) {
   Message msg = Message.obtain();
   msg.what = TYPE_CREATE_SESSION_COMPLETE;
   Bundle b = new Bundle();
   b.putBoolean("isError", isError);
   msg.obj = b;
   mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}

RemoteFileManagerActivity.java (device is connected, going to refresh panel to display Remote file system)


public void onCreateSessionComplete(boolean isError) {
mSessionCreated = !isError;
hideBusy();
if (mFTPClient != null) {
    if (isError == false) {
        mContext.onServerConnected();
        goHomeDir();
    } else {
        String szStr = getResources().getString(R.string.ftp_connect_failed, mFTPClient.getName());
        Toast.makeText(this, szStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}
updateServerStatus();
refreshDirectoryPanel();
}

Radio Layer Interface in Android

2009-11-24T02:24:00.000-08:00

There is a Radio Layer Interface in Android and it is about telephony service. Like my previous article, I was working on using an external GSM modem in Beagle board. Currently, I am using it to verify telephony service and I can trace the whole log between framework (Telephony service) and ril-daemon. It is the real GSM network and then I can trace the traffic between modem and GSM base station.

Here is some RIL information from Android Platform Development Kit.

RIL Initialization

Android initializes the telephony stack and the Vendor RIL at startup as described in the sequence below:

RIL daemon reads rild.lib path and rild.libargs system properties to determine the Vendor RIL library to use and any initialization arguments to provide to the Vendor RIL
- these arguments are from /system/build.prop
eg.
rild.libpath=/system/lib/libreference-ril.so
rild.libargs=-d /dev/pts/0

RIL daemon loads the Vendor RIL library and calls RIL_Init to initialize the RIL and obtain a reference to RIL functions
- open modem device
- connect with telephony service (Android Frameworks)

RIL daemon calls RIL_register on the Android telephony stack, providing a reference to the Vendor RIL functions
- start listen socket (SOCKET_NAME_RIL = rild)
- set ril event to listenCallback function

Below text is from radio log and we can see the sequence:


I/RIL     (  954): Opening tty device /dev/pts/0
D/AT      (  954): entering mainLoop()
I/RILJ    (  820): Connected to 'rild' socket
I/RILC    (  954): libril: new connection
D/RILC    (  954): [UNSL]< UNSOL_RESPONSE_RADIO_STATE_CHANGED  {RADIO_UNAVAILABLE}
D/RILJ    (  820): Radio OFF @ init
D/RILJ    (  820): [UNSL]< UNSOL_RESPONSE_RADIO_STATE_CHANGED RADIO_UNAVAILABLE
I/RILC    (  954): RIL Daemon version: android reference-ril 1.0
D/AT      (  954): AT< AT-Command Interpreter ready
D/RILC    (  954): [UNSL]< UNSOL_RESPONSE_RADIO_STATE_CHANGED  {RADIO_OFF}
D/AT      (  954): AT> ATE0Q0V1
D/AT      (  954): ATE0Q0V1
D/RILB    (  820): Notifying: radio available

RIL Interaction

There are two forms of communication that the RIL handles:

Solicited commands: Solicited commands originated by RIL lib, such as DIAL and HANGUP.

The vendor RIL must provide the functions described in the table below to handle solicited commands. The RIL solicited command request types are defined in ril.h with the RIL_REQUEST_ prefix. Check the header file for details.

eg. ask GSM network signal strength

Send a request from framework (telephony service) to GSM modem (ril-daemon)


D/GSM     (  791): EVENT_POLL_SIGNAL_STRENGTH
D/RILJ    (  791): [0048]> SIGNAL_STRENGTH
D/RILJ    (  791): send rr to ril-daemon...
D/RILJ    (  791): [0048]> SIGNAL_STRENGTH
D/RILJ    (  791): EVENT_SEND 001
V/RILJ    (  791): writing packet: 8 bytes
D/RILC    (  943): [0048]> SIGNAL_STRENGTH 
D/RIL     (  943): onRequest: SIGNAL_STRENGTH
D/AT      (  943): AT> AT+CSQ
D/AT      (  943): AT+CSQ
D/AT      (  943): +CSQ: 20,99 
D/AT      (  943): OK
D/AT      (  943): AT< +CSQ: 20,99 
D/AT      (  943): AT< OK
D/RILC    (  943): [0048]< SIGNAL_STRENGTH {[ 20 99]}
V/RILJ    (  791): Read packet: 40 bytes
D/RILJ    (  791): [0048]< SIGNAL_STRENGTH {20, 99, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
D/GSM     (  791): EVENT_GET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH
D/GSM     (  791): [PhoneNotifier] notifySignalStrength
D/GSM     (  791): GSMPhone getSignalStrength

Unsolicited responses: Unsolicited responses that originate from the baseband, such as CALL_STATE_CHANGED and NEW_SMS.

eg. Receive an incoming call (from ril-daemon to telephony service)


D/AT      (  943): RING
D/AT      (  943): AT< RING
D/RILC    (  943): [UNSL]< UNSOL_RESPONSE_CALL_STATE_CHANGED 
V/RILJ    (  791): Read packet: 8 bytes
D/RILJ    (  791): [UNSL]< UNSOL_RESPONSE_CALL_STATE_CHANGED
D/GSM     (  791): [GsmCallTracker] checkNoOperationsPending: pendingOperations=0
D/RILJ    (  791): [0283]> GET_CURRENT_CALLS
D/RILJ    (  791): send rr to ril-daemon...
D/RILJ    (  791): [0283]> GET_CURRENT_CALLS
D/RILJ    (  791): EVENT_SEND 001
V/RILJ    (  791): writing packet: 8 bytes
D/RILC    (  943): [0283]> GET_CURRENT_CALLS 
D/RIL     (  943): onRequest: GET_CURRENT_CALLS
D/AT      (  943): AT> AT+CLCC
D/AT      (  943): AT+CLCC
D/AT      (  943): +CLCC: 1,1,4,0,0,"0952123687",129,"808
D/AT      (  943): 42C771F"
D/AT      (  943): OK
D/AT      (  943): AT< +CLCC: 1,1,4,0,0,"0952123687",129,"80842C771F"
D/AT      (  943): AT< OK
D/RILC    (  943): [0283]< GET_CURRENT_CALLS {[id=1,INCOMING,toa=129,norm,mt,als=0,voc,noevp,0952082687,cli=0,name='(null)',0}
V/RILJ    (  791): Read packet: 88 bytes
D/RILJ    (  791): InCall VoicePrivacy is disabled
D/RILJ    (  791): [0283]< GET_CURRENT_CALLS  [id=1,INCOMING,toa=129,norm,mt,0,voc,noevp,,cli=1,,0]


PS. tag information
RIL:  /hardware/ril/reference-ril/refereince-ril.c
AT:   /hardware/ril/reference-ril/atchannel.c
RILD: /hardware/ril/rild/rild.c
RILC: /hardware/ril/libril/ril.cpp
RILJ: /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/RIL.java
GSM:  /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GSMPhone.java

Pick up the phone in Beagle board

2009-11-19T08:15:00.000-08:00

I just uploaded two videos about using NEO as external GSM modem in Beagle board. We were trying to make both MT and MO phone call in Beagle board. Since we'd like to hear something during the phone call, I set it to SPEAKER mode in Android Dev phone. Therefore, we can hear what we speak in NEO and also hear some annoyed ECHO sound. Sorry for this....

External GSM modem in Beagle board

2009-11-06T00:58:00.000-08:00

My friend Tick just migrated 0xdroid to beagle-donut branch and then I go back to work on external GSM modem issue in Beagle board. This time I tried to connect two devices from my working Ubuntu machine via two USB cables. It becomes very easy to debug and trace the behaviour between GSM modem and Beagle board. I set up an ethernet bridge in Ubuntu machine (192.168.0.200) and two USB networks. One is to connect with NEO phone (192.168.0.202) and the other is to connect with Beagle board (192.168.0.201). All of these three devices can see each other. Therefore, I can use ssh or adb shell to control them.

GSM modem is a device "/dev/ttySAC0" in NEO GTA02 phone and I use netcat to make it be listened in port 4270. This modem becomes 192.168.0.202:4270 now. How to make Android to see it? I use a pty small program from OpenedHand. It's like a pseudo terminal and it can reads and writes to the socket. Running it can make GSM modem become a device "/dev/pts/0" in Android. After starting ril-daemon service, it would connect to GSM modem. Then, everything is like usual. We can camp to GSM network and can dial out a phone call. I am going to close this issue and then file other issues about ril problems later.

Download Bluetooth OBEX UI from CyanogenMod

2009-10-31T00:16:00.000-07:00

I am very glad CyanogenMod use Bluetooth OBEX support in their new released ROM image "version 4.2.3.1". If you'd like to try this feature, you could flash with their Android image. Also, you can use CM updater to keep tracing with their works!

how to have OBEX function in Android?

2009-10-26T02:35:00.000-07:00

Few months ago, I was working on porting openobex, obexpushd and obexftp in Android. They are using commands and I don't have any UI application to use. It's not that convenient for common users. My friend jserv sent me a link in September, then I found there is a Bluetooth UI application about OPUSH/FTP profiles from Aurora forum. Therefore, I started to work on it.

At first, we should prepare Android building environment and I am using Donut branch now. My target is Android Dev phone. I can build the images for this device and flash with my images successfully. If you are familiar with Android building environment, you can use my works as below:

(1) Android frameworks
base: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/frameworks/base.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/donut
my work: http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/0001-apply-Bluetooth-FTP-OPP-patch-from-aurora.patch

(2) Blueooth UI application patch from Aurora forum
base: https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/packages/apps/Bluetooth.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/donut_glazed
my work: http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/0001-Modify-OBEX-received-file-path-to-sdcard-and-set-de.patch

(3) init.rc script patch
base: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/system/core.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/donut
my work: http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/0001-Add-obexd-and-obex-client-service.patch

(4) bluedroid patch
base: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/system/bluetooth.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/donut
my work: http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/0001-add-obexd-obex-client-service-start-and-stop.patch

(5) obexd (i use obexd-0.10 version)
http://gitorious.org/android-obex/obexd

(6) glib (i use glib-2.13.0 version)
http://gitorious.org/android-obex/glib

(7) bluez patch
base: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/external/bluez.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/donut
from aurora: https://www.codeaurora.org/gitweb/quic/la/?p=platform/external/bluez.git;a=commit;h=c2fdca9be6ac9625c229728d83c9ca3b26b64bba

(8) openobex (i use openobex version 1.5)
http://gitorious.org/android-obex/openobex

Android Bluetooth UI application from Aurora

2009-10-25T23:01:00.000-07:00

Finally, I can use a friendly UI application in Android and it allows to use Bluetooth OPUSH/FTP profiles. I was working on porting obexd and merged some patches from Aurora forum to Donut tree. Here is a discussion in 0xlab-devel mailing list about OBEX integration in 0xdroid.

How is this Bluetooth UI application and what I can do? let's check some screen shots! Some examples between my nokia N73 phone and Android Dev phone.

Connect to other Bluetooth devices from G1
* scan nearby devices from Remote tab
* pair with it
* connect to it

Pull file from other Bluetooth device from G1
* explore file manager from Remote tab
* download an image file
* open it from Local tab

Push file from G1 to other Bluetooth device
* open Local tab
* choose a file
* send it out

Receive a vcard from other Bluetooth device to G1
* bluetooth authorize dialog
* accept a *.vcf file?
* press OK, it would store to Contact
* open Contact

Receive a mp3 file from other Bluetooth device to G1
* bluetooth authorize dialog
* accept a *.mp3 file?
* press OK, it would store to sdcard
* open Music

Android Bluetooth Introduction

2009-09-13T20:04:00.001-07:00

Check out this SlideShare Presentation :)

Android Bluetooth Introduction

View more documents from Erin Yueh.

Android ROM images from community

2009-09-08T20:01:00.000-07:00

When I got the Android Dev phone, I download the official Android images from HTC site. Sometimes I build some packages myself, then upload them to ADP. Yesterday, I started to try Android images from community. I am so surprised that I can see so many different and versatile images. Their images are even based on the newest Android code. jserv gave me a link that someone is using my work "android obex" in their Android images about two weeks ago, but I didn't figure it out. I was trying to find out how HTC HERO users can get root access and how I can flash Android images from community. I tried to flash about 5 different images and played all day long. Too interesting to quit...:D

Here is a very detailed table chart and it shows kinds of Android images. I can pick one based on its status, like kernel version, WiFi or BT status, what input method, or application status....etc.

The first image I tried is from CyanogenMod. I downloaded this image file and push it to /sdcard in ADP. We can enter into 'Recovery' mode to update this image.

I also found there is 'cyanogen-updater' application in Android Market. I can install it in ADP and then I can update with their newest image version. It can download ROM image and update it in Recovery mode automatically. After rebooting it, I found it has bluez utils and my obex stuff inside. It means users needn't download hidd, hcitool, or those binary files, and they needn't build those stuff themselves either. I think that is better for normal and common users. Some of my friends, they don't even know what Android phone is, but they know how to use Facebook, how to use Internet. If they buy an Android phone someday, they can use this application to flash image without pain or tears. How cool it is!

Furthermore, I found Chinese Input mothod in another Android image. It's my first time to try this HTC Chinese input method. I used handwriting method to write words and it's pretty good to use. It can recognize all my writings. I thought I would need a cell phone with qwerty keyboard, but now I think that I can use touch input as well. XD

Android emulator + external GSM modem

2009-09-06T20:56:00.000-07:00

Recently, I am working on this issue 'Use GTA02 GSM Passthrough mode as external Android GSM modem' and the goal is to use Beagle board as a platform. Since we are still using cupcake in beagle board, I choose to use Android emulator with latest donut in the beginning. When we have donut image in beagle board, i will switch it on that time.

In Android emulator, it would use a qemud socket as GSM modem and it can simulate GSM network. Like camp to GSM base station (Android 3G :P), receive incoming call, dial out a phone call, has a simulated SIM Card, send SMS messages....etc. In my previous article about tracing RIL, I tried to run two emulators and made a phone call to each other. It's pretty fun, coz it can simulate real GSM network.

But it's still a fake one, not real GSM network, it doesn't camp to the nearby network like your mobile does. Therefore..... I changed few lines and made Android emulator to run an external GSM modem. Here is my experiment!

rild: allow it to use other GSM device in qemu


diff --git a/rild/rild.c b/rild/rild.c
index 14a6ea9..bd91314 100644
--- a/rild/rild.c
+++ b/rild/rild.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
    }
    close(fd);

-        if (strstr(buffer, "android.qemud=") != NULL)
+        if (strstr(buffer, "android.qemud=") == NULL)
    {
        /* the qemud daemon is launched after rild, so
        * give it some time to create its GSM socket

Modify rild lib argument and change device name


diff --git a/target/board/generic/system.prop b/target/board/generic/system.prop
index f2424c9..1b84596 100644
--- a/target/board/generic/system.prop
+++ b/target/board/generic/system.prop
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
#

rild.libpath=/system/lib/libreference-ril.so
-rild.libargs=-d /dev/ttyS0
+rild.libargs=-d /dev/ttyS2

GTA02 NEO phone

erin@daydreamer:~$ sudo ifconfig usb0 192.168.0.200
erin@daydreamer:~$ ssh root@192.168.0.202
root@om-gta02:~# echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/neo1973-pm-gsm.0/power_on
root@om-gta02:~# echo ate1 | ./tickminicom
root@om-gta02:~# nc -l -p 4270 < /dev/ttySAC0 > /dev/ttySAC0 &

PS. tickminicom is here

Running pty in host machine

# ./pty 192.168.0.202 4270

PS.1 where is pty? how do I know it? it's from Thomas! I was co-working with him about gsmd and dialer UI in 2007.

Running emulator with serial port option

erin@daydreamer:~/android/mydroid_emu/out$ ./host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -system ./target/product/generic/system.img -sysdir ./target/product/generic/system -data ./target/product/generic/userdata.img -kernel ../prebuilt/android-arm/kernel/kernel-qemu -ramdisk ./target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -qemu -serial /dev/pts/2

Cannot receive any incoming call
I was stuck on this case and it would send hangup command to any incoming calls without any notification UI. I found this issue is a known one and we can set 'Settings.Secure.DEVICE_PROVISIONED' to 1. Then no problem now.

What it can do now?
* Camp to GSM network
* Dial out a phone call
* Receive an incoming call
* Send SMS
* Receive SMS

Connect Bluetooth Keyboard in Android Dev Phone

2009-09-02T20:31:00.000-07:00

I have an Apple Wireless Keyboard and how do I connect it with G1 or any Android phones? I am using Android Dev Phone for my example, so I already have its root permission. If you are using other Android phone, not ADP, you have to get root permission first!! BTW, my working machine is Ubuntu 9.04!

Download related bluetooth utilities here or build it yourself!

$ wget http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/hciconfig
$ wget http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/hcitool
$ wget http://androidobex.googlecode.com/files/hidd

Change mount and folder permission in Android Dev Phone

$ su
# mount -o remount,rw -t yaffs2 /dev/block/mtdblock3 /system
# chmod 777 /system/xbin

Upload related bluetooth utilities to Android Dev phone

$ adb push hidd /system/xbin
$ adb push hcitool /system/xbin
$ adb push hciconfig /system/xbin

Turn Bluetooth ON from Setting UI and click 'Scan for devices'

Press 'Apple Wireless Keyboard' and it would appear Pair request

Type '0000' or '1111' as pin code and it would appear 'Paired but not connected'

Let's type some bluez utilities commands to make it work!


# hciconfig
hci0: Type: UART
 BD Address: 00:22:A5:B8:AD:65 ACL MTU: 1021:4 SCO MTU: 180:4
 UP RUNNING PSCAN
 RX bytes:8672 acl:98 sco:0 events:285 errors:0
 TX bytes:3336 acl:102 sco:0 commands:89 errors:0

# hcitool dev
Devices:
 hci0 00:22:A5:B8:AD:65

# hcitool scan
Scanning ...
 00:1D:4F:A7:9A:49 Apple Wireless Keyboard
 00:22:43:C6:5B:B9 daydreamer-0
 00:18:C5:42:18:78 Erin-Nokia N73

# hidd --connect 00:1D:4F:A7:9A:49

# hcitool con
Connections:
 < ACL 00:1D:4F:A7:9A:49 handle 1 state 1 lm MASTER

DONE! I can connect to Bluetooth Keyboard in Android. It's more convenient when I type email, message, or chat with friends now!

0xlab in COSCUP 2009

2009-08-24T21:34:00.000-07:00

What is COSCUP? (Conference for Open Source Coders, Users and Promoters) It's a big event for Open Source group in Taiwan. It has become an annual festival for open source community members around Taiwan. This year it hold on August 15-16 in NTU. 0xlab has the great pleasure to become the sponsor and we are so happy to contribute 4 talks and one lightning show! :D

Unfortunately, I only found three talks in YouTube and missed two talks (olv and walkingice). We will try to provide their pretty slides online later. If you have interests about our talks, you may check these videos in YouTube. haha, our team member jserv is quite famous in Taiwan FOSS community. His talk in COSCUP 2009 is the most funny and most popular one. It's not easy to make people laugh on hard topic like 'Linux Virtualization Goes Mobile'. XD

let's discuss more with 0xlab!

2009-08-24T19:30:00.000-07:00

I am very glad that 0xlab created two mailing lists for community. We would like to see more people here. If you could drop us a line or few notes about our works, or express your idea about Android, it would be terrific! I am going to close my comment board in this tiny blog, since we have a better one. :P

Currently we have two mailing lists in Google groups website. 0xlab-discuss is for general discussion and 0xlab-devel is for development related topics. Please come to visit us!!

There are some different methods to join it.

Visit online: you can read all posts in Google group website.
http://groups.google.com/group/0xlab-devel?hl=en
http://groups.google.com/group/0xlab-discuss?hl=en

Subscribe it: you can join our groups and read groups from your email. Also, you can post message to the group from your email too!

Available feeds: The feeds allow you to read new topics or new messages from this group with any feed reading software. For example, Bloglines, Google Reader, or Firefox RSS....

PS. you will need to create a google account to use Google Groups!

oh...my God! Happy Installer!

2009-08-18T21:16:00.000-07:00

Our team member jserv provides a very convenient 'Installer' tool and it's for beagle board + Android. What I need is one SD card and download three image files from 0xlab site. Just spend me two minutes and then I can play Android on beagle board.

1. Download images from 0xlab website

- wget http://downloads.0xlab.org/installer/beagle-cupcake-0x1/uImage.bin (installer itself)
- wget http://downloads.0xlab.org/release/beagle-cupcake-0x1/0xkernel-beagle.bin (kernel image)
- wget http://downloads.0xlab.org/release/beagle-cupcake-0x1/android-beagle.ubi (android image)

2. Prepare a SD card

- Format the first partition over than 100MB with VFAT on a SD card. (howto format)
- Copy those three image files into the first partition of SD/MMC card

3. Boot it with beagle board

- Plug the SD card in beagleboard SD slot and restart the beagleboard
- Wait for UI installer over
- Erase NAND flash with those three images
- Done

4. Reboot beagle board without SD card

- start to run Android system
- Enjoy!

PS. we provide daily build images as well. You may rename the image file and copy it to SD card.

PS1. here is a 2 minutes video in youtube based on real booting time!

[video] Listen FM radio in Android

2009-08-04T23:58:00.000-07:00

Listen FM radio in Android

2009-08-04T01:02:00.000-07:00

I started to work on beagle board from July and it's a low power OMAP3 based platform. My friend Tick is hacking it with Android recently. Therefore, it's very easy for me to pick up Android stuff in beagle board based on his work.

Since i am working on beagle board with Android, I need to use a lot of cable lines around it. Eg. HDMI cable, USB hub, USB keyboard, USB mice, speaker, mini USB cable and a bluetooth board. Those lines occupy my desk and my mind! Actually, I am checking Broadcom 4325 solution, it combines Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and FM radio functionality on a single-chip design. Yup! It means we can listen to FM Radio in Android. That is the one to keep me busy in July. :D

Here is a simple FM Radio application. It allows me to adjust FM frequency, preset few radio stations, mute/unmute, and auto scan....etc. I will make a video about FM radio later. The best scenario is browsing internet with WiFi, listen mp3 from a bluetooth speaker, and also listen FM radio from screen speaker by this tiny combo chip. And, it works!

PS. FM 99.7 is a classical radio station in Taiwan and it's my favorite one!

How to build OBEX in Android

2009-07-09T19:49:00.000-07:00

First of all, they are all for Android Dev Phone. You need to have root permission in Android devices. My working machine is Ubuntu 9.04 and I use Android tool chain to compile these applications.

1. Prepare working environment:
Check Android official website and they provide a user guide. It tells me how to download Android source code and how to compile it.

It took me few hours to set up environment, download code, and make the whole building system. Like my friend said, all OTAKU in Taiwan have android source code in their machine.

If you can run Android emulator from your compiled result, it should mean DONE. :)

2. Build it for DREAM:
The Android emulator in item one doesn't support bluetooth and I cannot play OBEX in it. I choose to play it with my Android Dev Phone. Then I modified my build system and changed some configuration files. Check another document from Android, it tells me how to change my building environment. Also, if you'd like to use the official system images, you can download them from HTC.

3. Download OBEX source codes from android-obex:

a. build openobex

> cd $MYDROID (change folder to mydroid folder)
> cd external (change folder to external directory, it's for native code)
> git clone git://gitorious.org/android-obex/openobex.git (it would download code to openobex folder)
> cd openobex
> . ../../build/envsetup.sh (run android env setup script)
> mm (it would run Android makefile to compile sources)

After running above commands, it would generate related libraries and binary files in android 'out' directory.

one static library: libopenobex (out/target/product/dream/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libopenobex_intermediates/libopenobex.a)
one binary file: obex_test (out/target/product/dream/system/bin/obex_test)

use USB cable to upload binary file to Android Dev Phone.

> adb shell
> mount -o remount,rw -t yaffs2 /dev/block/mtdblock3 /system (add WRITE permission in system dir)
> adb push $MYDROID/out/target/product/dream/system/bin/obex_test /system/bin

b. build obexpushd

> cd $MYDROID (change folder to mydroid folder)
> cd external (change folder to external directory, it's for native code)
> git clone git clone git://gitorious.org/android-obex/obexpushd.git (it would download code to obexpushd folder)
> cd obexpushd/src
> . ../../build/envsetup.sh (run android env setup script)
> mm (it would run Android makefile to compile sources)

After running above commands, it would generate one binary files in android 'out' directory. The same as openobex, you can use adb push to upload binary file to Android Dev Phone. BTW, you should compile openobex before obexpushd, coz obexpushd need to use openobex libraries.

one binary file: obexpushd (out/target/product/dream/system/xbin/obexpushd)

4. Verify OBEX functions between Ubuntu machine and Android Dev Phone. Check the previous article about it.

PS. if you are not interested in source codes, you can download the binary files from here.

Android bluetooth introduction part I

2009-06-25T02:53:00.000-07:00

Here is a very detailed image from Android website and it tells us the whole architecture about bluetooth in Android. I tried to understand how bluetooth works in Android Dev phone and what BT services we can use.

I. related source code

* bluez 3.36 (both userspace & kernel)
- /mydroid/externel/bluez
- /mydroid/kernel/drivers/bluetooth
- /mydroid/kernel/net/bluetooth

* framework (java & c++)
- /mydroid/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_bluetooth_*.cpp (connect with hcid via dbus)
- /mydroid/frameworks/base/core/java/android/bluetooth/*.java
- /mydroid/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/ (SystemServer)

* UI application (java)
- /mydroid/packages/apps/Phone/src/com/android/phone/ (Phone App)
- /mydroid/packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/bluetooth/ (Settings App)

II. Init bluetooth

* init script from /root/init.rc

create this directory '/data/misc/hcid' to store paired BT device information
launch dbus-daemon (deal connections between hcid and system server)
create hcid (Bluetooth Host Controller Interface Daemon) service, but disabled at first
create hfag service, it's for bluetooth Hands-Free Profile, but disabled at first, and only 'one shot' (it means not restart this service when it exits). Also it would register a SDP service and channel is 10.
create hsag service, it's for bluetooth Headset Profile, but disabled at first, and only 'one shot' (it means not restart this service when it exits). Also it would register a SDP service and channel is 11.
create dun service, it's for bluetooth Dial-up Networking Profile, but disabled at first, and only 'one shot' (it means not restart this service when it exits). Also it would register a SDP service and channel is 2.

# create basic filesystem structure
mkdir /data/misc/hcid 0770 bluetooth bluetooth

service dbus /system/bin/dbus-daemon --system --nofork
socket dbus stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
user bluetooth
group bluetooth net_bt_admin

service hcid /system/bin/hcid -s -n -f /etc/bluez/hcid.conf
socket bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
socket dbus_bluetooth stream 660 bluetooth bluetooth
# init.rc does not yet support applying capabilities, so run as root and
# let hcid drop uid to bluetooth with the right linux capabilities
group bluetooth net_bt_admin misc
disabled

service hfag /system/bin/sdptool add --channel=10 HFAG
user bluetooth
group bluetooth net_bt_admin
disabled
oneshot

service dun /system/bin/sdptool add --channel=2 DUN
user bluetooth
group bluetooth net_bt_admin
disabled
oneshot

service hsag /system/bin/sdptool add --channel=11 HSAG
user bluetooth
group bluetooth net_bt_admin
disabled
oneshot

* init script from /root/init.trout.rc

this script file is from /vendor/htc/dream folder and it's particular for this device.
create hciattach (attach serial devices via UART HCI to BlueZ stack) service, but disabled at first.
specify UART speed is 115200, serial device is /dev/ttyHS0, id/type is texas.

service hciattach /system/bin/hciattach \
-n -s 115200 /dev/ttyHS0 texas 4000000 flow
user bluetooth
group bluetooth net_bt_admin
disabled

* system server: it would decide whether it should turn bluetooth ON or OFF from settings value. If the value is ON, then it would start hciattach and hcid service. That is why the init scripts set them disabled at first. We can decide BT power from UI application.

III. Connect with other BT devices

bluez: it provides 'hcid' daemon and it's responsible for all related bluetooth services
dbus-daemon: the bridge between hcid and system server
D-Bus is a simple inter-process communication (IPC) system for software applications to communicate with one another.
debug utility: d-feet (a dbus UI debugger ), dbus-monitor (debug probe to print message bus messages), dbus-send (Send a message to a message bus)
bluez dbus API document: /mydroid/external/bluez/utils/hcid/dbus-api.txt
one example as below

* Scan nearby BT devices in Android

In system server, it would send a method 'DiscoverDevices' to bluez via dbus-daemon. This method starts the device discovery procedure. This includes an inquiry procedure and remote device name resolving. On start up this process will generate a DiscoveryStarted signal and then return DeviceFound singals. If the procedure has been finished an DiscoveryCompleted signal will be sent.

/mydroid/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_server_BluetoothDeviceService.cpp


/* Compose the command */
msg = dbus_message_new_method_call(BLUEZ_DBUS_BASE_IFC, nat->adapter, DBUS_CLASS_NAME, "DiscoverDevices");
/* Send the command. */
reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(nat->conn, msg, -1, &err);

log from ddms


06-18 14:42:14.567: INFO/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(67): DiscoveryStarted signal received
06-18 14:42:14.584: VERBOSE/BluetoothEventRedirector(361): Received android.bluetooth.intent.action.DISCOVERY_STARTED
06-18 14:42:14.834: VERBOSE/BluetoothEventRedirector(361): Received android.bluetooth.intent.action.REMOTE_DEVICE_FOUND
06-18 14:42:35.034: INFO/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(67): DiscoveryCompleted signal received

OBEX introduction

2009-06-21T22:49:00.000-07:00

What is OBEX?
OBEX (abbreviation of OBject EXchange, also termed IrOBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices. It is maintained by the Infrared Data Association but has also been adopted by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group and the SyncML wing of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). OBEX is very similar in design and function to HTTP. It's a client-server type. One device is a server and it waits for any connections. The other device is a client and it requests to send a file to the server.

How to use OBEX via bluetooth in Android?
There are some popular open source projects and they have implemented OBEX protocol. I choose openobex, obexpushd, obexftp applications, and I made some changes to allow them to run in Android.

* build

download the original source
write related Android.mk files
fix undeclared problems or modify to use glib functions....etc
upload the source code to gitorious site (http://gitorious.org/android-obex)

* install
adb push obexpushd /system/xbin/obexpushd
adb push obexftp /system/bin/obexftp
adb push obex_test /system/bin/obex_test

Examples:
A. Run an OBEX data server in Android, use 'adb shell' to Android Dev phone terminal


> su (use root account)
# cd /sdcard  (change dir to sdcard and launch obex data server here)
# obexpushd (it will store incoming files to /sdcard dir and run in backgournd)

# obexpushd -n -d (it will store incoming file to /sdcard dir and not run in backgound, display debug message)

When it launchs an OBEX data server in Android, it would broadcast "OBEX Object Push" service from SDP server. If you use other BT devices to search OBEX service, it can discover Android Dev phone. Once you make a paired connection, you can send files to Android Dev phone via bluetooth. It will automatically store files to sdcard.

B. Make Android Dev phone as a client, use 'adb shell' to Android Dev phone terminal

This is an example, I send a mp3 file from Android phone to my NOKIA N73 mobile phone.

> su (use root account)
# hcitool scan (scan all near by bluetooth device)
Scanning ...
    00:18:C5:42:18:78    Erin-Nokia N73
# sdptool search FTP (search near by BT device with FTP service)
Inquiring ...
Searching for FTP on 00:18:C5:42:18:78 ...
Service Name: OBEX File Transfer
Service RecHandle: 0x1000e
Service Class ID List:
  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 11
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Language Base Attr List:
  code_ISO639: 0x454e
  encoding:    0x6a
  base_offset: 0x100
Profile Descriptor List:
  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
    Version: 0x0100

# cd /sdcard
# obexftp -b 00:18:C5:42:18:78 -B 11 --list (list folder information)
Browsing 00:18:C5:42:18:78 ...
Channel: 11
Connecting..\done
Receiving "(null)"...|

 ]>



done
Disconnecting../done

# obexftp -b 00:18:C5:42:18:78 -B 11 -cE: -p 01.Breakaway.mp3 (send a MP3 song to NOKIA phone)
Browsing 00:18:C5:42:18:78 ...
Channel: 11
Connecting..\done
Sending "E:"...|done
Sending "01.Breakaway.mp3".../done
Disconnecting..-done

# obex_test -b 00:18:C5:42:18:78 11 (send obex text file to NOKIA phone)
Using Bluetooth RFCOMM transport
OBEX Interactive test client/server.
> c (create connection)
Made some progress...
Server request finished!
server_done() Command (00) has now finished
Timeout waiting for data. Aborting
> p (push a file)
PUT file (local, remote)> /sdcard/obex
test (write a subject name)
name=/sdcard/obex, size=3423
Going to send 3423 bytes
Made some progress...
Made some progress...
Made some progress...
Made some progress...
Server request finished!
server_done() Command (02) has now finished
Timeout waiting for data. Aborting
> q (leave it)

PS. all related source code is here.

Bluetooth OBEX file sharing in Android

2009-06-15T05:49:00.000-07:00

I'd like to use OBEX in Android Dev phone, but there is no any available bluetooth application yet. Therefore, I made some changes from 'openobex' and 'obexpushd', then I can run these applications in Android. According to Android Bluetooth architecture, we can see ‘RFCOMM’ in kernel bluez. RFCOMM is a simple set of transport protocols, made on top of the L2CAP protocol, providing emulated RS-232 serial ports (up to sixty simultaneous connections to a bluetooth device at a time). In the protocol stack, RFCOMM is bound to L2CAP. In Bluetooth, OBEX is used for many profiles that require simple data exchange, e.g. object push, file transfer, basic imaging, basic printing, phonebook access etc. In the protocol stack, OBEX is bound to RFCOMM. It means if I can use RFCOMM connections between two BT devices correctly, I should be able to use OBEX between them.

Here is my experiment!

I prepared two bluetooth devices, one is my ubuntu laptop and the other one is Android Dev Phone. I installed bluez version 4.32 in Ubuntu and bluez version 3.36 in Android. OBEX is like the client-server networking. The sending file one is a client and the receiving one is a server. For example, if I want to receive a file via bluetooth in Android Dev phone, I can run an OBEX data server and it would start to listen a channel for any incoming connections. If I want to send a file via bluetooth in Android Dev phone, I can use obex_test or obexftp to push data to another BT device.

Receiving file in Android Dev phone

> obexpushd -n -d

this command would start an OBEX data server with debug message, not detach from terminal, and the default channel is 9. Be aware of the file permission problem in Android! I run this command in /sdcard folder, and then it can store the incoming files in this folder with write permission.

Sending file from Android Dev phone

> obex_test -b OTHER_BT_ADDR CHANNEL

this command will build the connection betwen Android Dev phone and the other BT device. OTHER_BT_ADDRESS is the other BT device address and CHANNEL is its OBEX channel number.

Done! Listening to the music!

PS. source code is in google code temporally and I will move to gitorious site soon.

QR code scanner in Android

2009-06-03T01:49:00.000-07:00

We were talking about making our 0xlab business card this afternoon. How can make it be different? use particular title, like code generator, cleaner, terminator, or CEO something? ha, some people want to put finger print to provide their public key. I also want to put something interesting, then I think of 'QR code'.

I downloaded a 'QR code scanner'(reader) from Android Market and made a QR code image from this 'QR door website' (QR code generator). We can make few kinds of QR code image. Like contact information, URL, email address, RSS feed, Geo location, plain text, phone number....etc.

How we apply for these QR code type?

Contact information: it would be a name card. When we scan it by a cell phone, we can store it to Address book directly.

URL: when we scan it, we can open the link from web browser.

Geo location: we can provide Geo information for restaurants or sightseeing places. When we scan it, it can be added in the map. It would be extremely convenient for people cannot remember the address or people are easy to get lost.

Phone number: when we scan it, we can dial to this number directly.

SMS: when we scan it, we can launch SMS application to send a message.

few notes about android bluetooth

2009-05-27T03:03:00.000-07:00

bluez version3.36 source code in Android git
git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/bluez.git

start bluetooth manually
Pull high in BT power

#echo 1 > /sys/class/rfkill/rfkill0/state

Load BT firmware to hci stack

# hciattach -n -s 115200 /dev/ttyHS0 texas 4000000 flow

Texas module LMP version : 0X3
Texas module LMP sub-version : 0X1126
internal version freeze: 38
software version: 2
chip: brf6300 (4)
Setting speed to 4000000
Texas speed changed to 4000000.
Loading firmware from /etc/firmware/brf6300.bin...
Firmware load successful.

Start HCI device

# hciconfig hci0 up

Start HCI daemon

# hcid -s -n -f /etc/bluez/hcid.conf

hcid[307]: Bluetooth HCI daemon
hcid[307]: Device hci0 has been activated

Gettingthe current values from dbus:

# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0 org.bluez.Adapter.GetMode
# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0 org.bluez.Adapter.GetDiscoverableTimeout

Changing to discoverable mode and setting the timeout to 60 seconds

# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0 org.bluez.Adapter.SetMode string:discoverable
# dbus-send --system --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0 org.bluez.Adapter.SetDiscoverableTimeout uint32:60

check bluetooth is On or Off

# ps | grep hci

325 1002 744 S /system/bin/hciattach -n -s 115200 /dev/ttyHS0 texas
326 1002 1608 S /system/bin/hcid -s -n -f /etc/bluez/hcid.conf

bluetooth configuration file:
/etc/bluez/hcid.conf

hcid.conf manual
http://linux.die.net/man/5/hcid.conf

check bluetooth device in detail

# hciconfig -a

hci0: Type: UART
BD Address: 00:22:A5:B8:AD:65 ACL MTU: 1021:4 SCO MTU: 180:4
UP RUNNING PSCAN
RX bytes:2271 acl:18 sco:0 events:66 errors:0
TX bytes:1156 acl:16 sco:0 commands:39 errors:0
Features: 0xff 0xff 0x2d 0xfe 0x9b 0xf9 0x00 0x80
Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3
Link policy: RSWITCH HOLD SNIFF PARK
Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT
Name: 'g1mokoko'
Class: 0x48010c
Service Classes: Capturing, Telephony
Device Class: Computer, Laptop
HCI Ver: 2.0 (0x3) HCI Rev: 0x0 LMP Ver: 2.0 (0x3) LMP Subver: 0x1126
Manufacturer: Texas Instruments Inc. (13)

# dmesg | grep Blue

[ 5.751220] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
[ 5.751525] Bluetooth: HCI H4 protocol initialized
[ 5.751831] Bluetooth: HCILL protocol initialized
[ 5.767395] Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.11
[ 5.767669] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 5.768005] Bluetooth: SCO (Voice Link) ver 0.6
[ 5.768524] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 5.782531] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[ 5.782928] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[ 5.783599] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.10
[ 5.783905] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 5.784210] Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2

Scan nearby bluetooth devices

# hcitool scan

Scanning ...
00:22:43:C6:5B:B9 daydreamer-0
00:18:C5:42:18:78 Erin-Nokia N73
00:1E:52:6D:E8:E9 erin's keyboard
00:0F:79:08:D4:05 GgBlu
00:07:61:4B:20:3B Bluetooth Travel Mouse

Check what service it has: AVRCP,A2DP,HandsFree, Headset

# sdptool browse local

Browsing FF:FF:FF:00:00:00 ...
Service Name: Audio Source
Service RecHandle: 0x10000
Service Class ID List:
"Audio Source" (0x110a)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
PSM: 25
"AVDTP" (0x0019)
uint16: 0x100
Profile Descriptor List:
"Advanced Audio" (0x110d)
Version: 0x0100

Service Name: AVRCP TG
Service RecHandle: 0x10001
Service Class ID List:
"AV Remote Target" (0x110c)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
PSM: 23
"AVCTP" (0x0017)
uint16: 0x100
Profile Descriptor List:
"AV Remote" (0x110e)
Version: 0x0100

Service Name: Voice Gateway
Service RecHandle: 0x10002
Service Class ID List:
"Headset Audio Gateway" (0x1112)
"Generic Audio" (0x1203)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 11
Profile Descriptor List:
"Headset" (0x1108)
Version: 0x0100

Service Name: Voice Gateway
Service RecHandle: 0x10003
Service Class ID List:
"Handsfree Audio Gateway" (0x111f)
"Generic Audio" (0x1203)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 10
Profile Descriptor List:
"Handsfree" (0x111e)
Version: 0x0105

Connect to bluetooth keyboard
add these lines to /etc/bluez/hcid.conf
device 00:1E:52:6D:E8:E9 {
name “Bluetooth Keyboard”;
auth enable;
encrypt enable;
}

# hidd --connect 00:1E:52:6D:E8:E9

Connect to bluetooth mice
add these lines to /etc/bluez/hcid.conf
device 00:07:61:4B:20:3B {
name “Bluetooth Mouse”;
}

# hidd --connect 00:07:61:4B:20:3B

Confirm the connections

hidd --show

00:1E:52:6D:E8:E9 Bluetooth HID Boot Protocol Device [0000:0000] connected [boot-protocol]
00:07:61:4B:20:3B Bluetooth HID Boot Protocol Device [0000:0000] connected [boot-protocol]

YouTube on Android

2009-05-26T20:47:00.000-07:00

From Android supported media formats, we know they only support 3gp and mp4 formats now. There is a particular YouTube application on Android, so I needn't open Android Browser to watch YouTube video. Why I can watch YouTube video without any problem? The reason is from gdata youtube API. When we make a search in YouTube, they can only display mp4 videos files for searching result. I can tell it from android's logs. Below texts are from ddms logcat:

05-27 11:24:06.604: DEBUG/youtube(1603): VideoQuery.run url: /feeds/api/videos?vq=blackandwhite+ep12&format=2&restriction=tw this: com.google.android.youtube.YouTubeActivity$SearchVideoQuery@4364bb78

05-27 11:24:06.604: DEBUG/youtube(1603): YouTubeQueryWorker url:http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?vq=blackandwhite+ep12&format=2&restriction=tw&start-index=1&max-results=9 mStartingIndex: 0

We can find it made a search from below URL and it has some paramaters. The detailed reference guide is here.

http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?vq=blackandwhite+ep12&format=2&restriction=tw&start-index=1&max-results=9

q: The q parameter specifies a search query term
format: The format parameter specifies that videos must be available in a particular video format.
restriction: The restriction parameter identifies the IP address that should be used to filter videos that can only be played in specific countries.
start-index: The start-index parameter specifies the index of the first matching result that should be included in the result set.
max-results: The max-results parameter specifies the maximum number of results that should be included in the result set.

Let's verify it in Android Dev Phone!

1. search video from YouTube application: (play successfully!)

2. search video from Android Browser application: (cannot play!)

PS. there is another interesting trick! Based on youtube API, the valid formats are 1, 5, 6. If I click that link from my laptop Firefox browser, I will see nothing. Unless, I change the format to 1, 5, or 6.

playing with Android Dev Phone

2009-05-22T01:59:00.000-07:00

Finally I got an Android Dev phone this week and start to have fun with it. The first thing is I do is to flash it with the newest android 1.5 system images. :)

* Flash the radio and system images
Official images from HTC: just follow their introduction, step by step, then all done. Or, build yourself! Yup, we can build the image from android source code too. Here is a document from android site. It shows how to build the Android source and deploy it to Dev Phone. If you follow it, you will meet few problems. I solved it by this blog article.

* Busybox
We all know the toolbox in Android environment is too limited. Therefore, I download a busybox for Android from this site. Then, I can use a lot of BASIC commands in adb shell now.

* Bluetooth

Android is based on Bluez 3.36 version, but I found it doesn't have some useful bluez utils in official image. Therefore, I make bluez library and utility myself. Android provides their Bluetooth introduction and a good Bluetooth diagram here. I added "BOARD_HAVE_BLUETOOTH := true" one line in BoardConfig.mk file and typed 'mm' in 'mydroid/external/bluez/' folder. Then it would build bluez related library and utilities. I use 'adb push' to Dev Phone. If you find the permission problem, you can use 'mount -o remount,rw -t yaffs2 /dev/block/mtdblock3 /system', it can make 'system' partition be writable. Or you should use 'chmod' to modify system folder permission.

* Connect to Bluetooth stereo headphone
1. make this BT device be discoverable (check its manual)
2. on Dev phone, Wireless controls, turn Bluetooth 'On'
3. on Dev phone, Bluetooth settings, choose 'Scan for devices'
4. see a headset icon 'GgBlu' and click to Pair with it
5. Done! it shows 'Connected to phone and media audio'
6. Play music and make an incoming call
7. it can stop the music and display incoming call screen
8. after finished the phone call, it can continue to play music successfully

* Connect to the bluetooth mice and keyboard
Just follow this discussion and you can connect with BT mice and keyboard! Ha, I can write long email and blog article via my apple BT keyboard now.

Hello 0xLab android application

2009-05-05T03:43:00.000-07:00

I created an android application 'Hello 0xLab' to display all 0xLab team member information. It looks like a business card, but it is an android apk file. User can download it and install it to Android cell phone. It collects 8 people photo images, phone number, email address and blog web URL.

For me, it's my first android application. I hope it could be fun and also be meaningful for 0xLab. I read HelloAndroid book source code and Android development guides. I choose two topics 'WebView' and 'Intent' to practice.

WebView
Android Web Browser is based on Webkit engine, like Qt4 Web Browser. There is a WebView widget in Android API and we can use it as a Web Browser. Therefore, I put a half screen page as a Web browser container. The WebView can load the content from local files stored in 'assets' folder and also can load any web page from the Web. You can write Java script in your html file and interact it with your application too. I modified my application based on a sample code from an Android blog article 'WebViewDemo'. In each person name card, you can see a 0xLab logo in upper part. If you click it, it would change to this person's photo.

Intent
From Android Dev guide, three of the core components of an application — activities, services, and broadcast receivers — are activated through messages, called intents. I can use it to trigger Android applications plus information data I add. Therefore, I put three image buttons to interact with other Android phone applications. Click the first one can launch Android Dialer with member's phone number. Click the second one can launch Android Email composer with member's email address. If you click the last one, the WebView would reload to member's blog website.

Are you curious what 0xLab team member look like? Would you like to contact 0xLab directly? Download it and install it to your Android phone! If you are interested how it works, you could download all source code. I created a project 'hello0x1ab' in google code site too.

why we call '0xLab'?

2009-05-01T20:33:00.000-07:00

我們這個TEAM的成員有一段的時間
每週二晚上都會參加TOSSUG在MIX的聚會
話說有天晚上我們正在票選LAB的名稱
但總選不到響亮又要好記的名字
有人愛中國禪風有人愛KUSO的阿宅
有人對機器人有莫名的愛戀
又因為我們喜歡做open source的專案
因此我們很希望名字能帶有OPEN的感覺

我開著stardict查單字想著要有服務社群的概念
從cross十字架開始關聯想到第1個電腦井字遊戲
那不是就是圈叉圈的標記
腦海中回憶起在倫敦時橋上看見的OXO tower
好吧那不如取名 OX Lab 吧
一講出口阿宅們就開始KUSO
OXLab --> 0XLab --> 0xlab --> 0x1ab --> 427
嗯那就是四月二十七日揭竿起義啦
而我們很可愛的LOGO 是從團員中唯一有美學概念的walkingice
花了他幾個晚上繪畫出來的外星人很有我們的FU~

0xlab grand opening!

2009-04-26T08:12:00.000-07:00

yup! 0xlab is opening now!!

watch youtube in android

2009-04-23T20:18:00.000-07:00

From Android supported media page, we can see they don't support FLV files. It means we cannot watch youtube videos in Android SDK 1.5 version. Therefore, here is a easy way and it allows you to download MP4 video file from youtube website. These are steps you need to do in Android.


1. open browser to youtube web site and search the video you want

2. before you click the video to play, press menu and select 'Go'

3. modify the current URL and insert 'pwn' to 'youtube'
eg. http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f7-neZSZjM8 ==> http://m.pwnyoutube.com/watch?v=f7-neZSZjM8

4. it would transfer to 'pwnyoutube' website

5. click to 'Download High Quality Video (MP4)'

6. this file is mp4 video format and android allows to play this format

Another way to see youtube in Android, here is a hint from olv's blog. Since he can run a cairo program via frame buffer, i believe we can run a mplayer program via frame buffer too. Therefore, we should be able to run any video formats that mplayer can support. Here is a video 'mplayer on Android' in YouTube.

[android] trace radio interface layer (RIL) by two emulators

2009-04-09T07:40:00.000-07:00

I study android from this week and my entry point is based on my related GSM network experiences. Yeah! Let's start it from code tracing: how to register to the network, how to receive/dial a phone call, how to send/receive a SMS message...etc...

A. Set up the working environment: my machine is ubuntu 8.10, kernel is 2.6.27-11-generic.

1. download Android SDK
unzip the file, and you will see theses two tools ( emulator & adb) we need.

2. download Android source code
just follow the steps, and type 'make', then i get it all done. (yes, i'm a lucky person!)

B. Let's have fun with multiple emulator:
1. prepare two terminals:

terminal A: $emulator -skin HVGA-P -data lib/images/userdata.img -debug modem,radio -scale 0.5
terminal B: $emulator -skin HVGA-L -data lib/images/userdata2.img -debug modem,radio -scale 0.5

2. it would come out with two emulators: (I changed one of them to use iPhone skin!)

3. When both of them camp to the 'Android' network, use Dialer in emulator-5554 and dial '5556', then it would display an incoming call in emulator-5556. (5554 and 5556 are their port number)

4. Answer the incoming call in emulator-5556 and then hang up in emulator-5554. (You will receive different events if you hang up in emulator-5556.)

5. DONE! Let's get the log date from both of them.

$adb -s emulator-5554 logcat -b radio -d > radio.5554
$adb -s emulator-5556 logcat -b radio -d > radio.5556
$adb -s emulator-5554 logcat *:D -d > debugall.5554
$adb -s emulator-5556 logcat *:D -d > debugall.5556

C. Check the RIL process by these photos

D. How to dial out a call in Android? I traced the radio log and make sure the whole procedure and the source code.

DIAL out a phone call: (MO call)

from top UI to bottom,
[App] Phone Application ---> [App Framework] Telephony Manager (GSM)  --->
[App Framework] Telephony Manager (RIL) ---> [Libraries]  Telephony Manager
---> [Libraries] rild    ---> [Libraries] libril.so ---> [Kernel Driver] Baseband

RIL:  /hardware/ril/reference-ril/refereince-ril.c
AT:   /hardware/ril/reference-ril/atchannel.c
RILD: /hardware/ril/rild/rild.c
RILC: /hardware/ril/libril/ril.cpp
RILJ: /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/RIL.java
GSM:  /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GSMPhone.java

D/RILJ    (   85): [0053]> DIAL
D/RIL     (   22): onRequest: DIAL
D/AT      (   22): AT> ATD5556;
D/AT      (   22): AT< OK

D/GSM     (   85): [GSMConn] update: parent=DIALING, hasNewParent=false, wasConnectingInOrOut=true,
wasHolding=false, isConnectingInOrOut=true, changed=false
D/RILJ    (   85): [UNSL]< CALL_STATE_CHANGED
D/AT      (   22): AT< RING
D/RILJ    (   85): [UNSL]< CALL_STATE_CHANGED
D/RILJ    (   85): [0059]> SET_MUTE false
D/RIL     (   22): onRequest: SET_MUTE
D/RILJ    (   85): [0059]< SET_MUTE error: com.android.internal.telephony.gsm.CommandException:
REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED
D/RILJ    (   85): [0060]> GET_CURRENT_CALLS
D/RIL     (   22): onRequest: GET_CURRENT_CALLS
D/AT      (   22): AT> AT+CLCC
D/AT      (   22): AT< +CLCC: 1,0,3,0,0,"5556",129
D/AT      (   22): AT< OK

D/RILJ    (   85): [0124]< GET_CURRENT_CALLS  [id=1,mo,ACTIVE,voice,norm,129,0] 
D/GSM     (   85): [GSMConn] update: parent=ACTIVE, hasNewParent=false, wasConnectingInOrOut=
false, wasHolding=false, isConnectingInOrOut=false, changed=false
D/RILJ    (   85): WAKE_LOCK_TIMEOUT  mReqPending=0 mRequestList=1
D/RILJ    (   85): 0: [14] SET_NETWORK_SELECTION_AUTOMATIC
D/GSM     (   85): [CallTracker] hangupForegroundResumeBackground
D/RILJ    (   85): [0125]> HANGUP_FOREGROUND_RESUME_BACKGROUND
D/RIL     (   22): onRequest: HANGUP_FOREGROUND_RESUME_BACKGROUND
D/AT      (   22): AT> AT+CHLD=1
D/AT      (   22): AT< OK

PS. Above logs are all from emulator-5554! ATD: dial command in modem, AT+CLCC: List current calls, AT+CHLD: Releases all active calls

a webkit-based web browser part II

2009-03-29T12:33:00.000-07:00

yup! it's my web browser part II! I was thinking about iphone browser features and how to make a browser like it. It's for small devices, not like a normal firefox one. The screen is smaller, without a fully functional keyboard, and probably user only use fingers. I saw a video from Apple iphone website and found their nice features. Eg.'zoom-in, zoom-out', 'finger scrolling', 'vertical & horizontal placing', and a easy bookmark menu!

A. finger scrolling:
i found a very cool article in Qt blog and Ariya Hidayat implemented a Flick Charm example. Also, Akos Polster updated it to a python version. They save all my work. Only few lines, then i can see this beauty. User needn't use mouse wheel to scroll pages and can scroll/drag page by mouse gestures. If it's a touch screen, then it would be user fingers. You can check ariya's video in youtube.


 WebBrowser = QtWebKit.QWebView(Frame3)
 charm = FlickCharm()
 charm.activateOn(WebBrowser)

B. Text zoom-in & zoom-out:

I put 3 zooming buttons on the tool bar and also make hot keys. User can zoom-in, zoom-out, zoom to fit-in page by clicking a button.


 def on_actionZoomIn_triggered(self):
     current = self.WebBrowser.textSizeMultiplier()
     self.WebBrowser.setTextSizeMultiplier(current+0.1)

C. Full page zooming:

There is another zooming function and it can zoom-in the whole web page (including images and fonts). I use a MouseDoubleClick event to set the page view to 0.5 or 1.0. When user read a web page, they can use this function to see a thumbnail image.


 def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self,mouseEvent):
     if self.zoomFactor() == 1.0:
         self.setZoomFactor(0.5)
     else:
         self.setZoomFactor(1.0)
     QtWebKit.QWebView.mouseDoubleClickEvent(self,mouseEvent)

D. bookmark menu:

I made 2 buttons on tool bar. One is to show bookmark list and the other one is to add the current page to a bookmark. User can click one bookmark in list and load it in browser. Also, user can double-click to delete a bookmark. I use python-sqlite to store bookmark data to a db.

I have to distinguish MousePressEvent and MouseDoubleClickEvent, since they have different meaning in my design. I use a timer, when I get a MousePressEvent. It would load a bookmark page after 300 millisecond. Also, if we get a double-clicked event, it would stop that timer. Then, I can know it's to delete a bookmark, not to load it.

E. enable plug-in: (Flash player)
I just found that i cannot see video in YouTube website from Qt version 4.4. Therefore, I have to upgrade it to version 4.5, even PyQt 4.5 is still development snapshots. Qt4.5 new feature: Netscape plug in (NPAPI) support, enabling you to to incorporate Flash™ content in your Qt applications. :)

*download & install Qt4.5

wget http://dist.trolltech.com/developer/download/qt-embedded-linux-eval-src-4.5.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf qt-x11-eval-src-4.5.0.tar.gz
cd qt-x11-eval-src-4.5.0/
./configure & make & sudo make install

*install sip 4.8 and pyqt4.5 (Development Snapshots!!)

wget http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/static/Downloads/sip4/sip-4.8-snapshot-20090327.tar.gz
tar zxvf sip-4.8-snapshot-20090327.tar.gz
cd sip-4.8-snapshot-20090327
python configure.py
make & make install

wget http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/static/Downloads/PyQt4/PyQt-x11-gpl-4.5-snapshot-20090328.tar.gz
tar zxvf PyQt-x11-gpl-4.5-snapshot-20090328.tar.gz
cd PyQt-x11-gpl-4.5-snapshot-20090328
python configure.py --qmake=/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.0/bin/qmake
make & make install

Put one more line!


 web = QtWebKit.QWebView()
 web.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled,True)

DONE! I can watch a video from my tiny pyqt browser. The complete source code are here.

write a web browser by python

2009-03-25T08:18:00.000-07:00

Probably half year ago, I wrote a web browser application by python and the source code is just few hundred lines. That example is based on python-qt4 and webkit. If you install related qt4 and python-qt packages, you can see a lot of cool qt examples. Browser is one of them. Since I cannot run the original python one, it needs a window IE activeqt component. Therefore, I modified few lines and then I can run this example in GTA02 and my desktop. I was trying to run this example in EeePC tonight. It took me about 3 minutes work.

There are two browser examples in qt. One is by cpp and the other one is by python!

Install qt4:

sudo apt-get install qt4-demos

Check where is qt4-demos:

dpkg -L qt4-demos

Run a c++ web browser:

./usr/lib/qt4/demos/browser/browser

Install python-qt4 related packages:

sudo apt-get install python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-qt4-doc

Check where is python-qt4-doc

dpkg -L python-qt4-doc

Run a python web browser:

cd /usr/share/doc/python-qt4-doc/examples
find -name '*browser*
python activeqt/webbrowser/webbrowser.py

ERROR: The Windows commercial version of PyQt is required to run this example.

Download my pyqt-browser:

wget http://pyqt-browser.googlecode.com/files/webbrowser.tar.gz
tar zxvf webbrowser.tar.gz
python webbrowser/webbrowser.py

here is browser python code: or download it!


#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWebKit
from ui_mainwindow import Ui_MainWindow

class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    # Maintain the list of browser windows so that they do not get garbage
    # collected.
    _window_list = []

    def __init__(self):
        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        MainWindow._window_list.append(self)

        self.setupUi(self)
        
        self.lblAddress = QtGui.QLabel("", self.tbAddress)
        self.tbAddress.insertWidget(self.actionGo, self.lblAddress)
        self.addressEdit = QtGui.QLineEdit(self.tbAddress)
        self.tbAddress.insertWidget(self.actionGo, self.addressEdit)
        
        self.addressEdit.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus)
        
        self.connect(self.addressEdit, QtCore.SIGNAL("returnPressed()"),
                     self.actionGo, QtCore.SLOT("trigger()"))
                     
        self.connect(self.actionBack, QtCore.SIGNAL("triggered()"),
                     self.WebBrowser, QtCore.SLOT("back()"))
        
        self.connect(self.actionForward, QtCore.SIGNAL("triggered()"),
                     self.WebBrowser, QtCore.SLOT("forward()"))
        
        self.connect(self.actionStop, QtCore.SIGNAL("triggered()"),
                     self.WebBrowser, QtCore.SLOT("stop()"))
        
        self.connect(self.actionRefresh, QtCore.SIGNAL("triggered()"),
                     self.WebBrowser, QtCore.SLOT("reload()"))

        self.pb = QtGui.QProgressBar(self.statusBar())
        self.pb.setTextVisible(False)
        self.pb.hide()
        self.statusBar().addPermanentWidget(self.pb)
        self.WebBrowser.load(QtCore.QUrl("http://www.google.com"))

        
    @QtCore.pyqtSignature("")
    def on_actionHome_triggered(self):
        self.WebBrowser.load(QtCore.QUrl("http://www.google.com"))

    def on_WebBrowser_urlChanged(self, url):
        self.addressEdit.setText(url.toString())
        
    def on_WebBrowser_titleChanged(self, title):
        #print 'titleChanged',title.toUtf8()
        self.setWindowTitle(title)

    def on_WebBrowser_loadStarted(self):
        #print 'loadStarted'
        #self.misc.keyboard_show()
        
        self.pb.show()
        self.pb.setRange(0, 100)
        self.pb.setValue(1)

    def on_WebBrowser_loadFinished(self, flag):
        #print 'loadFinished'
        if flag is True:
            self.pb.hide()
            self.statusBar().removeWidget(self.pb)
            
    def on_WebBrowser_loadProgress(self, status):
        self.pb.show()
        self.pb.setRange(0, 100)
        self.pb.setValue(status)

    @QtCore.pyqtSignature("")
    def on_actionGo_triggered(self):
        #print "on_actionGo_triggered"
        
        self.WebBrowser.load(QtCore.QUrl(self.addressEdit.text()))
        self.addressEdit.setText(self.addressEdit.text())

    @QtCore.pyqtSignature("")
    def on_actionHome_triggered(self):
        #print "on_actionHome_triggered"
        self.WebBrowser.load(QtCore.QUrl("http://www.google.com"))
        self.addressEdit.setText("http://www.google.com")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()

    w.show()
    sys.exit(a.exec_())

Taipei App Engine Sprint 2009

2009-03-20T01:11:00.000-07:00

I went to Google Taipei office to join an event 'Taipei App Engine Sprint' with my team mate 'olv' and 'tick'. We heard this news from 'Ping Yeh' in Tossug and got the invitation from him. It's a whole day event and we would like to build a web site by google app-engine in a day. There were about 20 people and we separated to 5 groups. My team name is 'Dabajianshan' and actually it's a conference room name in their office. They name all conference rooms by famous sightseeing place in Taiwan. Also, we found a new team mate 'Daniel Lin' and he knows web applications much much more than our three Linux engineers.

We launched a new web site 'Sight History'. Using Picasa Web Albums, we can search all their photos by keyword and group those photos by different time lines. Thanks a lot for Google Service APIs, they provide very useful, convenient, comprehensive API services and good readme documents. That is probably the main reason why we can build this site in a day (less than 10 hours). There are only two tricky points. The first one is 'community search'. With this API, we can search photos uploaded by Picasa users, as long as they are in a public album. This function is quite amazing and it means we can search whole Picasa Web Albums in Internet. BTW, Google has a limitation for their Google Data Service API searching function and we can only retrieve 1000 records. When I make a search in Picasa Web Albums, the total results are over 100,0000 photos most of time. I am so glad even only 1000 images are still quite meaningful for our search.

The second one is 'grouping photos by a time line'. Like search 'Cherry Blossom', we can get a lot of cherry images, and you would see most of them 'shot time' are in March and April. Why only in these two months? That is because Cherry blossom time is March in Japan, and April in East States. We also display the images in a Google Map and we can see where are these photos from. For users, they are easy to tell 'when' and 'where' to see Cheery Blossom!!!

Furthermore, we group Picasa web photos not only by 'month', but also by 'day' and 'hour'. Like search '阿里山日出', it's a very famous mountain in Taiwan and people visit it coz of beautiful sunrise. By our search, we can see what time most people can see sunrise in this place. That is a very interested searching result. I can see the images in 3AM-4AM, most of people start to take the train or start to leave hotels. The most images are in 4AM-6AM, then I can tell people can see pretty sunrise in this time slot.

In the end of day, our team won the first place in Taipei App Engine Sprint. I got a very cute 'Google App-Engine' t-shirt and a certification from Google. :)

Here is our web site: http://sighthistory.appspot.com

Download the source code: http://gitorious.org/projects/dabajianshan

You can clone this repository with the following command:
git clone git://gitorious.org/dabajianshan/mainline.git

PS. some photos about this event in my picasa web album

asterisk & media wiki configuration notes

2009-03-01T17:55:00.000-08:00

Asterisk

A. Installation

1. using an iso image 'AsteriskNOW' to install the whole package with linux OS
http://www.asterisknow.org/
We can find the documents and download the lastest version from their website. After installing AsteriskNOW step by step to a machine, we can configure it by any web browser, only need to remember the URL, ID, and password.

2. self install on linux machine (like Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora...etc)
we could reference to these documents
http://www.asteriskguru.com/tutorials/asterisk_gui.html
http://www.howtoforge.com/asterisk_pbx_linux

(1) create a working folder:
# mkdir /usr/src/asterisk

(2) download all needed packages
from website as below:
http://downloads.digium.com/pub/

(3) installing libpri

# wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/libpri/libpri-1.4.2.tar.gz
# tar xzvf libpri-1.4.2.tar.gz
# cd libpri-1.4.2
# make clean
# make
# make install

(4) installing zaptel

# wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/zaptel/zaptel-1.4.6.tar.gz
# tar xzvf zaptel-1.4.6.tar.gz
# make clean
# make
# make install

PS. if you met the problem like missing Linux kernel header file, you may download your Linux header

files:
# cat /proc/version
# apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.20-16-386

(5) installing asterisk

# wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-1.4-current.tar.gz
# tar xzvf asterisk-1.4-current.tar.gz
# ./configure
# make clean
# make
# make install

(6) installing asterisk-addons

# wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-addons-1.4.4.tar.gz
# tar xzvf asterisk-addons-1.4.4.tar.gz
# ./configure
# make clean
# make
# make install

(7) installing asterisk-gui

# svn checkout http://svn.digium.com/svn/asterisk-gui/trunk
# make clean
# make
# make install
# make checkconfig [it can detect all config file status ]

(8) modify 2 confiure files, then we can use astersik gui web interfaces
# vi /etc/asterisk/manager.conf

a. modifiy these two lines
enabled = yes
webenabled = yes

b. add a user
[administrator]
secret = 123456
read = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config
write = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config

# vi /etc/asterisk/http.conf
a. modify these lines
enabled=yes
enablestatic=yes
bindaddr= 0.0.0.0

(9) use asterisk CPI prompt to execute shell commands
# asterisk -vvvvvr
erin-laptop*CLI> restart now (it will restart asterisk now)

(10) open a browser to verify asterisk
http://127.0.0.1:8088/asterisk/static/config/cfgbasic.html
http://127.0.0.1:8088/asterisk/static/config/cfgadvanced.html

B. Configuration

we can change the configuration from asterisk site, like adding the extension number, or change voicemail number....etc

C. Softphone

A softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the Internet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softphone

1. SJphone: http://www.sjlabs.com/sjp.html
download windows version
http://www.sjphone.org/softphone/SJphone-1.65.2637.exe
user guide for windows
http://www.sjphone.org/doc/SJphone_User_Guide.pdf

2. X-Lite: http://www.counterpath.com/xlite-overview.html
3. google talk: http://www.google.com/talk/intl/zh-TW/
4. Zoiper: http://www.zoiper.com/
it provides different OS version, including Linux, Windows, and Mac OS.

MediaWiki

A. Installation

the installations notes is from here:
http://lifehacker.com/software/wikipedia/geek-to-live-set-up-your-personal-wikipedia-163707.php

all download files are from SourceForge:

1. install WAMP:
WAMP is an all-in-one PHP/MySQL/Apache installation for Windows.
http://www.wampserver.com/en/download.php

2. Install MediaWiki, the software that powers Wikipedia.
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wikipedia/mediawiki-1.5.8.tar.gz?download

Sysop account name: WikiSysop
passwd: erin

3. mysql database:
user ID: root
passwd: erin

B. Configuration
here is a very detailed configuration settings README
http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings

How to: Install Apache, PHP, PEAR, MySQL & phpMyAdmin for Windows XP
http://www.sematopia.com/?p=28

C. Sending email
Set email configuration for mediawiki & wamp:

1. modify settings in C:\wamp\www\mediawiki\LocalSettings.php
$wgEnableEmail = true;
$wgEnableUserEmail = true;

2. modify SMTP mode settings in C:\wamp\www\mediawiki\include\DefaultSettings.php


$wgSMTP = array(
"host" => ' gmail.google.com',
"IDHost" => ' gmail.google.com ',
"port" => "25",
"auth" => false,
#"username" => "my_user_name",
#"password" => "my_password"
);

3. add PEAR in C:\wamp\www\mediawiki\LocalSettings.php


$IP = "C:\\wamp\\www\\mediawiki";
$setPHPPEAR = "C:\\wamp\\php\\PEAR";
ini_set( "include_path", ".;$IP;$IP/includes;$IP/languages;$setPHPPEAR;" );

if you meet the problem like cannot find Mail.php or Net_SMTP.php, it's probably coz of PEAR modules.

4. check the pear folder first, it should be in C:\wamp\php\PEAR

5. run go-pear in windows command prompt
> cd c:\wamp\php
> go-pear.bat

6. install Mail and NET_SMTP modules in pear
> cd c:\wamp\php\
> pear install mail
> pear install NET_SMTP

7. restart all services in wamp

用python寫facebook application

2009-02-28T15:42:00.001-08:00

前陣子剛好在看google提出的service時注意到了app engine
因為它整個都是python寫的重燃了我對web的小小興趣
發現google上有一篇關於facebook的文章於是就開始熱血了

照理說工程師的第一個sample code 應該是hello world
但是對我而言我的hello world就是sudoku
Once upon a time ......

Download the source code for this example application here:
http://code.google.com/p/todaysudoku/

I. Set up the working environment
a. install Google App Engine:

 svn checkout http://googleappengine.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ googleappengine-read-only

b. install pyfacebook:

svn checkout http://pyfacebook.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ pyfacebook

c. create a new 'app engine' application :
http://appengine.google.com/
remember the app URL and app ID

d. set up a new facebook application:
http://www.facebook.com/developers/
remember the API, secret key, fill out the callback URL

II. Start coding
a. how to make a 9*9 sudoku puzzle: use html table & CSS style

b. using Django html templates:
this part is really like what i did for daily news website. The designers
make a beautiful html page. We cut some places in html page and paste with
'{{ params }}'. These {{ params}} would replace with DB data or other
programming result. I made three html template files for this demo, main puzzle page,
score page and upload score result page.

c. prepare 'app.yaml':
this file can define the application name and handlers for URLs. It can make
the App more organized.

d. prepare 'facebook.py':

wget http://shelftalkers.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/shelftalkers/facebook.py

this file would take care of facebook login problem and retrieve data from
facebook website.

Example 1: try to get auth_token from Facebook by your keys, it would ask user login first.


# instantiate the Facebook API wrapper with your FB App's keys
fb = facebook.Facebook(_FbApiKey, _FbSecret)
auth_token = self.request.get('auth_token')

if not fb.check_session(self.request) or not auth_token:
    url = fb.get_login_url()
    self.response.out.write('')
    return
session_key = self.request.get('fb_sig_session_key')
uid = self.request.get('fb_sig_user')

Example 2: Retrieve the user detailed information by user ID


# retrieve the user data from facebook by few keys
fb = facebook.Facebook(_FbApiKey, _FbSecret)
fb.session_key = self.request.get('session_key')
fb.uid = self.request.get('uid')
info = fb.users.getInfo([fb.uid],['name','pic','profile_url'])
user = info[0]
player_name = str(user['name'])

e. how to keep the game score data: (using google data store API)
Before, I need to use a MySQL to store the data, but google provides a very useful datastore api. It can define table schema and make sql querys. Then you can store the web data like database.

Example 1: define a GameScore class like a table in DB


# define GameScore like a table
class GameScore(db.Model):
  player = db.StringProperty()
  date = db.DateProperty(auto_now_add=True)
  score = db.IntegerProperty()
  level = db.StringProperty()
  show = db.BooleanProperty()
  content = db.StringProperty(multiline=True)
  name = db.StringProperty()
  photo = db.LinkProperty()
  profile = db.LinkProperty()

Example 2: retrieve top ten records by date (make a SQL query)


# retrieve today top ten records only
q = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM GameScore " +
         "WHERE date = :1 AND level = :2 " +
         "ORDER BY score ",
         today,level)
result = q.fetch(10)

III. Upload the application and Run it
a. testing it at localhost:

google_appengine/dev_appserver.py todaysudoku/

b. upload the whole folder:

google_appengine/appcfg.py update todaysudoku/

c. run it: We can now this application running on App Engine.
http://todaysudoku.appspot.com/

IV. Check Google App engine service:

http://appengine.google.com/

a. Dashboard:
* up-to-the-minute overview of our system status with real-time, unedited data
* daily overall serving status for each of our APIs, including any outages or downtime
* detailed historical latency and error-rate graphs for the App Engine Datastore, Images, Mail, Memcache, Serving, URL Fetch, and Users components

b. Logs: it would store all error log information and it's very convenient for debugging.

c. Data Viewer: it is like php-mysql admin style. You can see the table data and make some query or delete data.